It is not known how many of the 19% who moved initially to another urban address, are still
urban five years later. However, if we assume they all are, this would mean that 51% are no
longer in the Bulawayourban setting, with half of these having moved to a rural area. The
remainder are either dead or in the diaspora.
What is significant is that out of 269 people, only 53 remained living on the same stand, four
years later. This means 80% of people have moved on.
3.
Economic circumstances of people now
While the amount of living space per person may have improved in these households since
2005/6, their general economic status certainly has not improved. The interviews were a
litany of desperate circumstances in one household after another. Remaining landlords
reported dire losses in rentals, and the very emptying out of the stands was largely as a
consequence of residents’ inability to pay rents, water bills, rates and electricity. In several
instances, families have sent their children to a rural home where schooling is free or cheaper.
In two instances, parents have returned to rural homes, and left one or more children in the
urban setting to attend school, while they struggle to send food or other earnings from rural
vending, into town to support them. People reported struggling to pay medical bills, the
deaths of key family members, and the movement to the diaspora of children who then did
not remit anything substantial.
4.
Diasporisation: helpful or not?
Only two families appeared to be coping well economically, with improved earnings over the
last five years; in both instances this was owing to family doing well in the diaspora. However,
ten households reported between one and three family members in the diaspora, which
means that in eight out of ten families, having someone in the diaspora was not considered to
have improved the economic situation. One married couple reported that they had twice
headed out to South Africa seeking employment, and twice had returned having failed to find
work or support themselves there. One mother was reported as having had to leave the stand
in order to go and nurse her son who had returned ill from South Africa.
5.
Conclusion
There is a need to explore more fully the apparent decongestion of Bulawayo that has been
noted in this small study. Our findings have been supported by key informant interviews with
members of BUTA and others who live in the high density suburbs; the economic chaos of
2008/9 and the failure of the formal sector to recover, are seen to account for this. One
pertinent question is that of how accurate the current voters’ roll is – with the fluidity of
people’s living arrangements over the last five years, updating the voters’ rolls countrywide is
an urgent priority. We found that only 20% of residents remained on their original stand five
years after OM. As we have noted elsewhere, we would expect a movement from rural areas
back to urban areas as soon as the formal economy shows any signs of recovering and
creating work: the move to rural areas has been one of economic last resort.
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