27
Similarly, the Amani Trust identified difficulties in the community with the position and status of the
survivor families, and attempted to meet these through an elaborate and innovative programme of
assistance. All too often there is talk about the empowerment of survivors, but mostly this revolves
around issues of contesting impunity and legal rights. The Amani Trust programme in Mashonaland
Central Province attempted to achieve empowerment by addressing directly the factors that
contributed to the sense of disempowerment experienced by the survivors and their families. The
advocacy programme not only focused on making survivors the direct advocates of their own cause,
but also ensured that their social and economic position was such that they could sustain this advocacy.
Although the Amani Trust programme in Mashonaland Central Province was conceived as a holistic
response within a community mental health framework, it is clear that the programme shares many
features with what is commonly termed “”Community-Based Rehabilitation” [CBR]. Community-based
Rehabilitation is argued by many to offer the most comprehensive approach to the care of the disabled,
and clearly the survivors of organised violence and torture must be regarded as a disabled population.
CBR can also be argued to offer the most appropriate model for dealing with the consequences of
mass trauma or disaster. As Boyce and others have recently argued:
On a practical level, CBR programs aim to rehabilitate and train individuals with
disabilities, as well as to find ways to integrate them into their communities. In
effective CBR programs, persons with disabilities, their families, the community, and
health professionals collaborate to provide non-institutional services in an
environment where services for persons with disabilities are seriously limited or totally
absent. The essential feature of CBR is its focus on the processes supporting
partnership of diverse groups and community participation. CBR programs assist local
people to develop sustainable processes and systems that: deliver clinical services in
remote areas; train personnel; promote Disabled Peoples' Organizations; plan,
manage and coordinate local services; and provide appropriate technology. In areas
of armed conflict, CBR programs typically aim to work with other agencies that are
active in emergency aid and re-construction, which are often the only functioning
organizations in the area.27
According to Boyce et al, the following describes some common ways of adapting the key elements of
CBR programs to increase their peace-building impact.
Promotion of Positive Community Attitudes and Behaviours towards Disability;
Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities enabling Integration within Society;
Knowledge and Skills Transfer to Promote Self-help Skills;
Development of Rehabilitation Services/Resources Based upon Needs Identified by
Persons with Disabilities and their Families;
Community Decision-making, Implementation, and Accountability to the Community;
Partnership and Cooperation among Persons with Disabilities, their Families, the
Community, and Rehabilitation Personnel;
Development of Rehabilitation Technology Utilizing Local Skills and Materials;
Co-ordination with, and Referral to, a Network of Specialized Interventions, Including
Institutions, to Provide Professional and Technical Support and Training which may
be Unavailable within the Community.
Most, if not all of these elements are found in the Amani Trust programme described above, even
though the programme was not originally conceived of as a Community-Based Rehabilitation
programme.
27
See Boyce, W., Koros, M., & Hodgson, J., Community based rehabilitation: a strategy for peace-building, BMC International
Health and Human Rights 2002, 2:6.
AMANI TRUST: Psycho-Social assistance to Survivors of the Liberation War.
A report on Mashonaland Central Province, Zimbabwe.
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