“L” pointed out: ‘Moving on’ is not necessarily forgetting what happened in the past, it is being strong to move on: that is healing. Healing for me is that, that wound which has been there shouldn’t be a stumbling block to where you want to go; it should give you power to move on to the future... Their views represented a higher level of perception and mirror Papadopoulos’ (2007) Adversity-Activated Development theory, or what Carver (1998) called thriving and Tan called (2013) posttraumatic growth theory, which implies that sometimes adversity can make a person become better than they were before after undergoing that particular traumatic or challenging circumstance. In fact, that is exactly what I perceived from the conversation with the students. I understood them to be saying that the workshop had helped them to discover the potential of growing everyday through the adversities they faced. Trauma and Healing Disassociated Memory: Interview with “J” Trauma, of course, has severe psychological impacts. “J” was a female member of our research group and had exhibited a phenomenon that is very similar to a theory that Romero-Jodar (2012) espouses. According to this theory, after a traumatic experience which may lead to PTSD, an individual is deprived of the mental defenses that normally allow him or her to arrange past memories and provide a linear perspective of life. These memories become dissociated and are stored in the subconscious where they remain buried until another apparently unrelated incident brings them to the fore. Furthermore, this theory posits that there are two types of memory in a traumatized person: a narrative memory and a trauma memory. Narrative memory allows remembrances of past happenings to “be organized and arranged sequentially, thus granting a narrative, coherent sense of the passing of the subject’s time” (Romero-Jodar, 2012, p. 1002). On the other hand, trauma memory includes “the memories of extreme events which cannot be assimilated by the mind, and therefore, surface to the conscious as dissociated images which find no logical place in the lineal structure of the narrative memory” (Romero-Jodar, 2012, p. 103). Consequently, these memories tend to return unexpectedly to afflict a traumatized mind that is unable to integrate them into the structure of the narrative memory. Therefore, these fragmented memories allude to the destruction of the conception of time as a linear continuum in the individual’s daily life. One of the results of this destruction of the linear is a distorted coherent perception of existence. The affected individual struggles to organize his/her narrative in a linear progression of time, as he/she must come to terms with two different timelines: the linear perception of narrative time and the fragmented memories of traumatic time (Romero-Jodar 2012).

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