Table of Contents 1. BACKGROUND 1 2. OVERVIEW OF TORTURE IN ZIMBABWE 3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 The Liberation War The Gukurahundi The Food Riots Post-2000 2.4.1 The “Farm invasions” 2.4.2 Elections 2.4.3 Operation Murambatsvina 2.4.4 The 2008 elections and the Global Political Agreement 3. PAST AND PRESENT TORTURE 4. PREVALENCE OF TORTURE SINCE 2000 11 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 11 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 5. TORTURE IN 2008 27 5.1 30 31 31 33 33 35 5.2 5.3 5.4 6. 7. Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum Evidence from the Zimbabwe courts Amani Trust ActionAid WOZA survey Justice for Agriculture survey Refugee reports Command responsibility 9 The victims 5.1.1 Gender analysis The perpetrators 5.2.1 Gender analysis Types of torture Command responsibility CONCLUSIONS 37 Was torture widespread? Was torture systematic? 37 38 RECOMMENDATIONS 39 Creating Peace Creating healing Creating justice 39 39 39 APPENDIX 1 41 Bibliography on Torture in Zimbabwe 41