TABLE 26 Frequency of alleged perpetrators. Source: Solidarity Peace Trust APRIL 2008 APRIL TO JUNE 2008 NUMBER %[RANK] NUMBER %[RANK] War Veterans 173 14 [4] 730 21 [2] ZPF Youth 439 35 [1] 1599 45 [1] ZPF Supporter 257 21 [2] 600 17 [3] ZRP 140 11 [5] 230 7 [5] ZNA 188 15 [3] 304 9 [4] CIO 18 1 [7] 57 2 [6] MDC/other 30 2 [6] 44 1 [7] Total: 1245 3564 These findings are replicated by the reports from the Human Rights Forum and the Zimbabwe Peace Project. TABLE 27 Reported affiliation of alleged perpetrators [n=285]89 ALLEGED PERPETRATOR NUMBER [%] CIO 11 [4%] MDC 2 [0.7%] War Veterans 45 [16%] Zimbabwe National Army [ZNA] 69 [24%] ZANU PF Youth 102 [36%] ZANU PF Supporter 77 [27%] Zimbabwe Republic Police 43 [15%] Zimbabwe Republic Police [CID] 10 [4%] Zimbabwe Republic Police [Riot] 10 [4%] Unknown 24 [8%] Since the Forum reports on violations as opposed to individual cases, strict comparison between their data and the Solidarity Peace Trust is not possible. For the Forum data [table 27], ZANU PF supporters in total – ZANU PF Youth, ZANU PF supporters, and “war veterans” – comprise the majority. When the rankings of the frequencies are compared between the Forum and the Solidarity Peace Trust for the month of April, then the correlation between the two data sets is highly significant [0.96; p=0.01]. The profile of the alleged perpetrators in 2008 is different in several important respects from the reports compiled in 2000 and 2002. A previous analysis of the named perpetrators between 2000 and 2003 also showed that non-state actors - ZANU PF Youth, ZANU PF supporters and officials, and “war veterans” - were the most commonly identified perpetrators by a considerable margin, but indicated that the ZNA was infrequently identified (less than 1% of the named perpetrators)90. The reports from 2008 by contrast indicate that the ZNA was significantly involved in the gross human rights violations, and, for April 2008, even more frequently mentioned than the ZRP. The following report, taken from the Human Rights Forum’s Monthly Political Violence Report for May 2008 is illustrative of the involvement of the ZNA: 89 90 Page 32 Note that the number of perpetrators does not add up to 100%, as there was frequently more than one type of alleged perpetrator involved in an incident. See again Reeler, A.P. (2003), The Perpetrators of Gross Human Rights Violations in Zimbabwe from February 2000 to March 2003, Paper presented to “Civil Society and Justice in Zimbabwe: A Symposium”, organised by the Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum, Themba Le Sizwe and the International Bar Association, Holiday Inn, Johannesburg, 11-13 August 2003.