narrow and selective idea of sovereignty, lauded arrogantly over the generality of the
Zimbabwean citizenry for so long, was unsustainable. In the words of the Zambian President
Rupiah Banda, at the beginning of the SADC summit in Livingstone, ‘If there is anything that we
must learn from the upheavals going on in the northern part of our continent it is that the
legitimate expectations of the citizens of our countries cannot be taken for granted.’45
For authoritarian regimes like Zanu PF it is often the slow, cumulative processes of reform that
are most troublesome for their agendas. For once such processes begin to gain traction,
especially under structures of accountability that go beyond the national sphere, the possibility
of a diffusion of power to broader levels of society increases, making the control of the outcomes
of such processes, much more problematic. The GPA has been fraught with difficulties but given
the balance of forces in Zimbabwe that gave rise to the Agreement, it also provided opportunities
for its weaker participants. Within a very short period of time at the end of March, Zanu PF
suffered two serious political setbacks, the first through the loss of the Speakership in Parliament
and the second through the new diplomatic position taken by SADC. In the first case it robbed
Zanu PF of control of a key position in the legislature in the event of a succession vote in
Parliament should Mugabe pass on in the near future. In the second the setback temporarily
dislocated a key aspect of the Mugabe regime’s survival strategy through regional solidarity.
These developments by no means sealed the fate of Zanu PF, but they provided important
indications of hope, especially with the possibility of more considered cooperation between the
two MDCs.
As a way forward there are a number of steps that need to be taken:
1. Lobbying by both the MDCs and the civic movement needs to be heightened within
SADC and the AU in order to ensure that the resolutions of the Livingstone summit are
enforced as fully as possible.
2. Efforts must be made to draw Zanu PF’s international allies, particularly the Chinese
Government, into a more constructive dialogue over its continued support for
authoritarian politics in Zimbabwe.
3. Zimbabwean civic groups must mobilize civil society in the region into more extended
cooperation in order to sustain the pressure on SADC and the AU.
4. Continuous and up to date monitoring of the situation in Zimbabwe.
5. It is unlikely that the Mugabe regime will simply ignore the SADC resolutions. However
if they decide to follow such a course and to call for an early election without SADC
45
Wongai Zhangaza, ‘Mugabe warned about uprising.’ www.theindependent.co.zw/local/30450‐mugabe‐warned‐
about‐uprising.html?tmp.. Accessed on 08/04/2011.
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