7. For the purpose of this article and article 55 of this Convention, each
State Party shall empower its courts or other competent authorities to order that
bank, financial or commercial records be made available or seized. A State Party
shall not decline to act under the provisions of this paragraph on the ground
of bank secrecy.
8. States Parties may consider the possibility of requiring that an offender demonstrate the lawful origin of such alleged proceeds of crime or other
property liable to confiscation, to the extent that such a requirement is consistent with the fundamental principles of their domestic law and with the nature
of judicial and other proceedings.
9. The provisions of this article shall not be so construed as to prejudice
the rights of bona fide third parties.
10. Nothing contained in this article shall affect the principle that the
measures to which it refers shall be defined and implemented in accordance
with and subject to the provisions of the domestic law of a State Party.
Article 32.
Protection of witnesses, experts and victims
1. Each State Party shall take appropriate measures in accordance with
its domestic legal system and within its means to provide effective protection
from potential retaliation or intimidation for witnesses and experts who give
testimony concerning offences established in accordance with this Convention
and, as appropriate, for their relatives and other persons close to them.
2. The measures envisaged in paragraph 1 of this article may include,
inter alia, without prejudice to the rights of the defendant, including the right
to due process:
(a) Establishing procedures for the physical protection of such persons,
such as, to the extent necessary and feasible, relocating them and permitting,
where appropriate, non-disclosure or limitations on the disclosure of information concerning the identity and whereabouts of such persons;
(b) Providing evidentiary rules to permit witnesses and experts to give
testimony in a manner that ensures the safety of such persons, such as permitting testimony to be given through the use of communications technology such
as video or other adequate means.
3. States Parties shall consider entering into agreements or arrangements
with other States for the relocation of persons referred to in paragraph 1 of this
article.
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