specific groups that include women (122 reports); youth (121); blind voters (28); deaf voters (24 reports); illiterate voters (67 reports); and persons with physical disabilities (69 reports). Active campaigning of political parties in constituencies ZESN has also been observing political party campaigns to see which parties were actively campaigning across the country. The graph below shows the numbers of reports received from ZESN LTOs confirming the active participation of political parties in rural and urban areas. 250 Active campaigning by parties 200 Number of reports 150 confirming active campaigns by parties 100 128 Rural 91 Urban 50 66 53 18 12 9 10 ZANUPF MDC ALLIANCE NPF People's Rainbow Coalition 0 Political Party Figure 3: Active campaigning by political parties From the graph above, the most dominant party in terms of active campaigns is ZANUPF, followed by the MDC Alliance. In general, political parties are campaigning more in rural areas than urban areas. Political parties have been campaigning using various means including holding rallies; meetings; door to door campaigns; fliers, posters, and banners; distributing party regalia (t-shirts, wrist bands, mazambia); and sponsoring sporting or cultural events. 4 REPORT ON PRE-ELECTION POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT AND OBSERVATION OF KEY ELECTORAL PROCESSES