· · · · · · · October 2001: A spate of incidents from Guruve, the murder of Cain Nkala and the subsequent disturbances in Bulawayo, and a large number of cases from the commercial farms in Marondera were features of October 2001. July 2002: This was mostly associated with the continuation of cases being reported from the violence in Buhera. This seemed almost to be a pogrom, and most of these cases suffered violence and torture at the 6 hands of the ZRP . March 2003: MDC mass stay away on 18 and 19 March, as well as The Parliamentary bye-elections held in Kuwadzana and Highfield on 29 and 30 March 2003. April 2003: ZCTU called for mass stay away on 23, 24, and 25 April 2003. June 2003: Mass action called for by the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) from 2 to 6 June 2003. October 2003: Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) on 8 October 2003 demonstrating over high taxation and violations of trade union and human rights. NCA demonstration on 22 October 2003 to call for a new democratic constitution. Mayoral Elections in Bindura, Chinoyi, Chegutu, Kadoma, Kariba, Marondera, Masvingo, and Mutare. November 2003: The Kadoma Central by-election was held from 29-30 November 2003. ZCTU members and leadership and civic leaders were arrested on 18 November 2003 in Harare on allegations of holding a demonstration without notifying the police. As can be seen, there is generally a significant public event behind each peak in the number of cases reported. However, this does not hold true for the month of October 2001, where there were a high number of violations reported across the country without there being evidence of any significant event. For the remainder, elections, bi-elections, strikes, stay-aways, and demonstrations are all associated with increases in organised violence and torture. 6 See Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum (2003), Torture by State Agents in Zimbabwe: January 2001 to August 2002, HARARE: ZIMBABWE HUMAN RIGHTS NGO FORUM. 13