An in-depth Study on the impacts of Operation Murambatsvina other 2 sites, but, as was also seen earlier, Harare had greater frequencies of people with higher trauma scores (greater number of different trauma types experienced). The pattern overall reflects the known history of each of these periods. Table 7: Trauma over the years: Percentage of persons reporting trauma experience Year range Harare Bulawayo Mutare <1980 27.4%* 45.1% 46.4% 1980 - 1987 30% 58.3%* 47.3% 1990 - 1997 57.4% 62.4% 70.3%* 1998 - 2000 80.5% 65.3%* 89.5% 2001 - 2004 88.9% 81.6% 97.9%* 2005 97.4% 93.3%* 100% xli * As can be seen from Table 8 below, both the frequencies and the mean trauma scores have increased over the years, with a large increase in both from 1998 onwards, which corresponds more or less exactly to the development of the current Zimbabwe crisis. It is noteworthy that the highest frequencies and mean trauma scores are recorded this year, strongly suggesting that Operation Murambatsvina has had serious consequences for the mental health of those people affected. Table 8: Trauma over the years: Frequency of trauma items reported <1980 1980-1987 1990-1997 1998-2000 2001-2004 Food 3.3% 13.7% 25.9% 21.7% 45.4% Medical 1.3% 5% 6.2% 17.5% 35% Shelter 2.6% 5.1% 5% 8.9% 15.4% Imprisonment 5.2% 4.8% 4.3% 16.4% 20.6% Injury 3.6% 4.8% 5.9% 15.7% 23.3% Combat 2.1% 2.7% 8% 22.6% 25.2% Rape 2% 3.3% 1.7% 8.4% 10.7% Isolation 3.1% 4.4% 2.3% 9.1% 12.2% Close to death 2.9% 5.9% 3.2% 12.4% 16.1% Separation 2.8% 5.5% 2.5% 9.3% 10.1% Murder of 4.9% 6.8% 2.6% 9.8% 11.5% family Unnatural 3.4% 6.2% 6.1% 12.9% 17.9% death Murder of 2.8% 4.3% 2.1% 8.8% 10.5% stranger Kidnapped 2.8% 3.9% 2.8% 10.7% 11.3% Severe 6.1% 6.9% 5.3% 24% 31% beatings Torture 5.3% 8.1% 2.8% 16% 21.7% Frightening 2.1% 6.2% 4.7% 15.9% 19.4% time Confiscation 2.3% 3.4% 1.3% 6% 14% 19 2005 76% 56.9% 66.4% 23.4% 16.4% 15.9% 8.2% 26.8% 17.5% 33.6% 6.2% 14.4% 5.8% 8.7% 19.9% 13.9% 18.8% 56.2%