All victims were subjected to torture and underwent pain and suffering. For the purposes of this study all victims who had been subjected to arbitrary arrests and detained were subjected to inhuman and degrading treatment and punishment. This determination was made after acknowledging that arresting officers effected arrests for purposes other than law enforcement during the period of social unrest. As a result most victims were released without charges, or their charges were altered to enable them to pay bail and leave remand. Treatments for victims were provided by private health care providers. Medical assistance was available for victims who were aware of the existence of such a facility or who were referred for such assistance. Medical presentations of the injuries involved pain, deformity, anxiety, psychological trauma; depression or mood disorders, lacerations, abrasions and fractures. The distribution and description of the violations emanating from police brutality are as shown in Table 1. Table 1: Nature of violations Violation Torture Victims affected 19 (100%) Description of violation Assaults by riot police with baton sticks and riffle butts; chasing by police for purposes of assault or arrest; being set upon by dogs; 6 (32%) Adversely affected limps such as teeth, eyes, jaws, legs and internal injuries compromising bodily functions e.g incontinence Unwarranted arbitrary detention Inhuman and degrading treatment and punishment Property losses 9 (47%) Right to work and earn a living Displacement 8 (42%) 11 (58%) 4 (21%) Effects of violation General body pain, genital pain; high blood pressure; temporary to permanent disability affecting tooth functions, sight and bodily functions control Temporary to permanent disability Loss of liberty; stigma; anxiety Seizure, appropriation of induced loss of property that includes trading wares, mobile phones, personal documents, spectacles etc Direct or indirect impediments to working or making a living Inconveniences; replacement costs Forced to find alternative places of residents for safety Life-style changes with associated costs Temporary income loss 13