National Endowment for Democracy (NED).https://www.ndi.org/e-voting-guide/transparency For regional perspectives see SADC Principles and Guidelines Governing Democratic Elections and Election Observation missions and African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance ZESN, 2016. An Analysis of the General Laws Amendment Act (2016), Harare, ZESN; An empirical survey conducted by Mass Public Opinion Institute (MPOI) in conjunction with the Election Resource Centre (ERC) on the state of voter registration and elections-related issues in Zimbabwe held from 20 February to April 2015. This was a nationally representative survey (sample size = 1200); Solidarity Peace Trust, 'The end of a road: The 2013 elections in Zimbabwe' (Research Report, Durban, South Africa, 2013); Brian. Raftopolous, 'The 2013 elections in Zimbabwe': The end of an era', Journal of Southern African Studies, 39, 4, (2013), pp.971-988; Phillan.Zamchiya, 'The MDC-T's (Un)seeing eye in the 2013 harmonised elections: A Technical Knockout', Journal of Southern African Studies,39,4, (2013. pp.955-962; Zimbabwe Democracy Institute (ZDI), 'The 2013 Harmonised Elections: What Really Account for the Results?' (Research Report, Harare, Zimbabwe, 2013); Election Resource Centre (ERC), 'Zimbabwe's unfinished business' (Research Report, Harare, Zimbabwe, 2013). It is primarily based on an empirical survey conducted by Mass Public Opinion Institute (MPOI) in conjunction with the Election Resource Centre (ERC) on the state of voter registration and elections-related issues in Zimbabwe held from 20 February to April 2015. This was a nationally representative survey (sample size = 1200). Ibid. See P. Zamchiya and C.Mangongera, 2015. Strengthening Electoral Democracy in Southern Africa, Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition, Harare, Zimbabwe Ibid. ZEC failed to provide the electronic voters roll in 2013 in line with best international practice. See https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2013/11/07/zec-opposes-ballot-recount see SADC Principles and Guidelines Governing Democratic Elections and Election Observation missions and African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance For the model see, The African Union Election Observation Mission to the 7 May 2014 National and Provincial Elections in the Republic of South Africa Enhancing Transparency in Zimbabwe's Electoral Processes: Voter Registration, Voting and Results Management info@zesn.net zesn2011@zesn.net www.zesn.org.zw