Political
Context:
2017-‐2018
Introduction:
The
Trigger
of
Factional
Politics
November
2017
witnessed
tumultuous
events
in
Zimbabwean
politics.
After
months
of
factional
struggles
between
the
Lacoste
faction
led
by
then
Vice
President
Emmerson
Mnangagwa,
also
nicknamed
the
crocodile,
and
the
Generation
40
(G40)
faction
around
President
Robert
Mugabe
and
his
wife
Grace,
Mugabe
fired
Mnangagwa
on
the
6th
November.
This
followed
Mugabe’s
warning
to
Mnangagwa
two
days
before
when
Grace
Mugabe
was
booed
at
a
rally
in
Bulawayo.
The
President’s
wife
threatened
the
embattled
Vice
President
with
the
call
that
the
‘snake
must
be
hit
on
the
head.’
This
was
the
First
Lady’s
decisive
move
in
her
bid
for
the
Vice
Presidency
in
the
upcoming
Zanu
PF
congress
in
December
2017.
This
most
recent
factional
struggle
in
Zanu
PF
follows
a
long
history
of
violent
internal
battles
within
the
party,
from
the
years
of
the
liberation
struggle
in
the
1970s
around
ethnic
and
ideological
questions.
A
few
years
prior
to
his
own
party
exile,
Mnangagwa
played
a
central
role
in
the
removal
of
the
previous
Vice
President
Joice
Mujuru,
the
wife
of
a
key
liberation
commander
Solomon
Mujuru.
As
Miles
Tendi
has
demonstrated,
Mnangagwa,
in
support
of
the
Mugabe’s,
with
the
central
involvement
of
Army
Chief
Constantine
Chiwenga
and
the
machinery
of
the
military
intelligence,
conspired
in
the
ousting
of
Joice
Mujuru.
This
event
took
place
after
a
long
factional
struggle
between
the
Mujuru
and
Mnangagwa
factions
since
the
1990s.1
Thus
both
the
Mugabe’s
succession
plan
and
Mnangagwa’s
long
held
Presidential
ambitions
have
been
in
play
for
some
time.
While
they
have
at
certain
times
coincided
in
their
strategic
intent,
at
some
point
the
final
confrontation
between
the
two
was
always
on
the
cards.
The
firing
of
Mnangagwa
from
the
Vice
Presidency
and
his
expulsion
from
Zanu
PF,
however,
had
vastly
different
effects
on
the
Zimbabwean
polity.
While
Joice
Mujuru’s
dismissal
and
the
expulsion
of
several
of
her
allies
caused
some
disturbance
in
the
ruling
party,
it
was
nothing
like
the
turbulence
that
followed
Mnangagwa’s
removal,
and
the
attempt
to
arrest
General
Chiwenga
at
the
airport
on
his
return
from
China.
The
statement
justifying
the
decision
to
fire
Mnangagwa,
accused
the
former
Vice
President
of
persistently
exhibiting
‘disloyalty,
disrespect,
deceitfulness
and
unreliability’,
and
that
he
had
behaved
in
a
manner
‘inconsistent
with
his
official
duties’.2
In
response
Mnangagwa,
who
fled
the
country
soon
after
his
removal
from
Government,
accused
Mugabe
of
allowing
the
ruling
party
to
be
‘hijacked
by
novices
and
external
forces’
with
a
track
record
of
‘treachery’.
In
a
manner
that
gave
a
clear
indication
of
the
intervention
that
would
follow
Mnangagwa
warned
Mugabe:
I
will
go
nowhere.
I
will
fight
tooth
and
nail
against
those
making
a
mockery
against
Zanu
PF
founding
principles.
You
and
your
cohorts
will
instead
leave
Zanu
PF
by
the
will
of
the
people
and
this
we
will
do
in
the
coming
weeks.3
1
M.B.
Tendi,
State
Intelligence
and
the
Politics
of
Zimbabwe’s
Presidential
Succession.
African
Affairs,
2016.
DOI:
10.1093/afraf/adis
074.
2
Press
Statement:
Termination
of
Employment
of
Vice
President
Emmerson
Mnangagwa.
S.K.
Moyo,
Minister
of
Information,
Media
and
Broadcasting
Services,
6
November
2017.
3
Press
Statement-‐Former
Hon
VP
ED.
Mnangagwa
8
November
2017.
2