security sector governance in Zimbabwe today, and to assessing the challenges of
tomorrow.
Such an approach is essential if we are to establish a framework for genuine
national dialogue on the subject. The safety and security of citizens, the state and the
sovereignty of Zimbabwe are a critical national issue and need to be addressed as
such. On this journey it is high time we moved beyond ‘the statement of the
problem’ and began to tackle the real challenges we face. But in order to do this we
must be able to establish a genuine national dialogue and that requires us to put
national interests above purely partisan politics and disputation.
The challenges are real and the consequences of continued neglect will be very
serious.
This short paper is offered in support of the challenge facing all citizens of
Zimbabwe to urgently consider and discuss the critical questions of national safety
and security policy and to engage each other, and the state, in a genuine national
dialogue aimed at the elaboration of a consensus-based and people-centered
security sector transformation process.
What is the security sector?
If you wish to answer this question you first need to define security. Traditional
notions of security, and still the dominant concept of security across many societies
including our own in Zimbabwe, may be defined as being narrowly focused on the
security of territory (boundaries and borders) and the state (the ruling political
authority). Historically this concept of security emerged alongside the development
of more complex social and economic human settlements, accompanied by
centralized and more powerful political governance structures, for example the
feudal states in Europe or the Zulu kingdom. These systems raised taxes in various
ways and mobilized military formations to defend or conquer territory and sustain
the authority of the feudal lord or the king. Nation states consolidated this
framework, sustaining the traditional concept of security and developing ever more
powerful capacity to defend and seize territory and support the political authority.
Colonial states were simply an imperial expression of this same security concept.
Citizen safety and security, if it was ever an objective in the past, was always
subservient to the interests of the ruling authority and the security of that authority
and its territory.
Over many decades, political action and struggle by citizens across the globe sought
to extend and in some cases transform this concept of security to include citizen
safety and security. In our own context, the nationalist movement had three basic
demands. The first two (independence and majority rule) were inter-related
political objectives, whilst the third (freedom) was a transformational goal. Freedom
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