2016 Global Youth Development Index: Results and Analysis 15% 22 Very high Italy 15% 37 Very high Japan 15% 10 Very high Greece 16% 66 High Portugal 16% 9 Very high Slovenia 16% 12 Very high Bulgaria 16% 68 High Czech Republic 17% 39 Very high Germany 17% 1 Very high Romania 17% 35 Very high Country Proportion of youth YDI rank YDI category Swaziland 34% 146 Low Lesotho 33% 171 Low Oman 33% 99 Medium Qatar 32% 75 High Laos 31% 132 Medium Yemen 31% 152 Low Honduras 31% 93 High Maldives 31% 62 High Zimbabwe 30% 160 Low Tajikistan 30% 98 High the countries in the low and medium YDI categories are experiencing a youth bulge. 2.6.2  YDI results by regime type and income With a few exceptions, a country’s regime type has a clear relationship with its performance in the YDI. The report uses the Economist Intelligence Unit’s classification of regimes: full democracy, flawed democracy, hybrid regime and authoritarian regime. An analysis of YDI results by regime type reveals that full democracies score highest in the YDI. Authoritarian regimes recorded the worst average YDI score in 2015. These results reflect the strong More development Spain 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 YDI YDI category Lower development YDI rank 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Authoritarian regime Hybrid regime Flawed Full democracy democracy Source: Commonwealth Secretariat 0.9 More development Proportion of youth 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 YDI Country Figure 2.23  Youth development by regime type and income, 2015 Lower development Table 2.13  The ten countries with the smallest and largest proportion of young people, 2015 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Low income Lower middle income Source: Commonwealth Secretariat Upper middle income High High income: income: non-OECD OECD countries countries intersection between social, governmental and political structures and mechanisms that support youth development. Full democracies and high-income countries have the highest levels of youth development, as measured by the YDI. All full democracies scored in the very high category of YDI scores in 2015, aside from Mauritius and Uruguay, which scored high. Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Uzbekistan are four countries in the very high YDI category that are not democracies. The income level of a country can affect many of the factors of youth development, and there is a graduated relationship between YDI and income, as shown in Figure 2.23. This analysis uses the World Bank classification of income type, which groups countries into four levels of per capita gross national income: high income, \ 57