Generation Hope: Young People in a Changing World Notes 41 Cornwall and Nyamu-Musembi 2004. 1 ILO 2015b. 42 UNICEF 2014. 2 WHO 2015. 3 UNODC 2013. 4 UNHCR 2016. 5 Education for All 2015. 6 Global Partnership for Youth in the Post 2015 Agenda 2014. 7 Park 2004. 8 Mason 2013. 9 Castells 2012. 10 World Bank 2007; see also Heinz 2009; Clark-Kazak 2009 on age conceptualisations. 11 Zarrett and Eccles 2006; Arnett et al. 2011. 12 Kurtenbach 2012. 13 Barakat, Paulson and Urdal 2010. 14 Leccardi and Ruspini 2006. 15 Jones 2002; see also Hardgrove et al. 2014. 16 European Group for Integrated Social Research 2010; see also Furlong et al. 2003. 17 Kerckhoff 1993. 18 Barakat, Paulson and Urdal 2010. The phenomenon of the lack of decent employment for young people extends much beyond the MENA region. See, for example, World Bank 2013; ILO 2015a. 19 McEvoy-Levy 2014. 20 Strachan 2015. 21 European Group for Integrated Social Research 2010. 22 Arnett 2004. 23 Côté and Allahar 1996. 24 Furlong et al. 2016. 25 Lerner and Steinberg 2004. 26 Cooper 2012. 27 Sen 1985; Nussbaum 2000; UNDP 1990a. 28 Nussbaum 2003. 29 Sen 1985. 30 Nussbaum 2003. 31 UNDP 1990b. 32 For more information, see Sen 1999. 33 UNDP 2015. 34 Commonwealth Secretariat 2013, 18. 35 Office of the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth [n.d.]. 36 Youth Policy Press 2014. 37 UNDP 2014. 38 UNFPA 2013. 39 UNDP 2014. 40 UNFPA 2013. 43 Angel 2015. 44 Commonwealth Secretariat [n.d.]. 45 Shavit and Blossfield 1993. 46 West 2009. 47 Henn, Weinstein and Forrest 2005. 48 Furlong et al. 2016. References Aapola, S. 2002. ‘Exploring Dimensions of Age in Young People’s Lives: A Discourse Analytical Approach’ Time & Society 11: 295–314. Angel, W.A. (editor). 2015. The International Law of Youth Rights. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. Arnett, J.J. 2004. Emerging Adulthood: The Winding Road Through the Late Teens to the Twenties. New York: Oxford University Press. Arnett, J., Kloep, M., Hendry, L. and Tanner, J. 2011. Debating Emerging Adulthood: Stage or Process? New York: Oxford Press. Barakat, B., Paulson, J. and Urdal, H. 2010. ‘The Youth, Transition and Conflict in the Middle East and North Africa’ Cited in ‘Youth Transitions into Adulthood in Protracted Crises’, by A.L. Strachan. 2015. Governance and Social Development Resource Centre (GSDRC) Helpdesk Research Report. www.gsdrc.org/wpcontent/uploads/2015/10/1293-Youth-transitionsinto-adulthood-in-protracted-crises.pdf Castells, M. 2012. Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age. Polity Press. Clark-Kazak, C. 2009. ‘Towards a Working Definition and Application of Social Age in International Development Studies’ Journal of Development Studies 45: 1307–1324. Commonwealth Secretariat. 2008. The Commonwealth Plan of Action for Youth Empowerment 2007–2015. www.youthdevelopmentindex.org/cms/cms-youth/_ images/7150051245204522383408.pdf. Commonwealth Secretariat. 2013. Youth Development Index 2013: Results Report. www. youthdevelopmentindex.org/cms/cms-youth/_ images/197918019952385f3219c75.pdf. Cooper, T. 2012. ‘Models of Youth Work: a Framework for Positive Sceptical Reflection’ Youth & Policy 109. September. Cornwall, A. and Nyamu-Musembi, C. 2004. ‘Putting the ‘Rights-Based Approach’ to Development into Perspective’. Third World Quarterly, 25 (8): 1415–1437 Côté, J.E. and Allahar, J.L. 1996. Generation on Hold: Coming of Age in the Late Twentieth Century. New York: New York University Press. Education for All. 2015. Gender and EFA 20002015: Achievements and Challenges. Global monitoring report. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ images/0023/002348/234809E.pdf. \ 21