Although independent newspapers are distributed in many parts of the country, it
remains difficult for those who want to read them to do so. In some of the provinces
Human Rights Watch visited, a number of people reported that they furtively read
independent newspapers because of threats and harassment from ZANU PF youth and
war veterans.144 They described incidents from past elections in 2000 and 2002 that
made them wary of openly reading independent newspapers. Even ruling party
supporters felt intimidated. One ZANU PF supporter in Mutoko told Human Rights
Watch that since fellow ZANU PF supporters had questioned him for carrying a copy of
the Daily News in 2002 he had stopped reading independent newspapers.145 MDC
supporters in Rusape informed Human Rights Watch that they were forced to hide their
copies of the Independent newspaper inside copies of the state-owned Herald newspaper.146
Such intimidation makes it difficult for Zimbabweans to receive a balanced and
informed view point on election conditions in the country.
Some of Zimbabwe’s National Laws: Key Concerns
The Public Order and Security Act (POSA)
POSA was enacted in January 2002. It introduces a range of criminal offences, including
criticism of the President, whether his person or his office; the publication of a false
statement that prejudices or is intended to prejudice the country’s defense or economic
interests, or which undermines or is intended to undermine public confidence in a law
enforcement agency, and the holding of a public gathering without giving the police four
days’ written notice.
Key sections
Section 15 makes it an offence punishable by up to five years imprisonment to publish
or communicate false statements prejudicial to the state including undermining public
confidence in a law enforcement agency, the prison services or the defense forces of
Zimbabwe.
Section 16 makes it an offence punishable by up to one year imprisonment to undermine
the authority of or insult the president including making any false statements about or
144
Human Rights Watch interviews with residents in Murehwa, Mutoko and Rusape, December 2004 and
February 2005.
145
Human Rights Watch interview, Mutoko, February 14, 2005.
146
Human Rights Watch interview, Rusape, December 18, 2004.
31
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