from doing their work. According to one human rights activist interviewed by Human
Rights Watch:
If you constantly have to appear in court on unnecessary charges it can
be draining. If you look behind you and see that a car has been
following you for days, or the phone keeps ringing and someone is
telling you they will kill you it is bad. The family also suffers. My wife is
always on tenterhooks because of my work. If she just sees a car she
doesn’t know parked outside of our house she is scared.77
The United Nations Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals,
Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human
Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (the Declaration on Human Rights Defenders)
provides standards by which the international community assesses states' treatment
of rights defenders. The declaration sets down a series of principles and standards
aimed at ensuring that states fully support the efforts of individual human rights
defenders and human rights organizations, and ensure that they are free to conduct
their activities for the promotion, protection and effective realization of human rights
without hindrance or fear of reprisals.78
Key articles in the Declaration on Human Rights Defenders include the right to
promote human rights and fundamental freedoms, and to meet and assemble
peacefully for the purpose of promoting universally recognized human rights.79 The
Declaration also confirms the right to criticize government policy and action in
relation to human rights, and the right to adequate protection and an effective
77
Human Rights Watch interview with human rights activist (name withheld), Harare, October 4, 2006.
78
Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote Universally
Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Declaration on Human Rights Defenders), A/RES/53/144, March 8,
1999.
79
The Declaration on Human Rights Defenders, article 1 , states that, "Everyone has the right, individually and in association
with others, to promote and to strive for the protection and realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms at the
national and international levels." Article 12 (1) elaborates: "Everyone has the right, individually and in association with
others, to participate in peaceful activities against violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms." Article 5
guarantees the right to assembly and to join and participate in nongovernmental organizations, associations, or groups for
the purpose of promoting and protecting human rights. Article 14 states, “The State has the responsibility to take legislative,
judicial, administrative or other appropriate measures to promote the understanding by all persons under its jurisdiction of
their civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights.”
27
Human rights watch November 2006
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