It is therefore recommended that each District have a core of trained counsellors and
rehabilitation technicians, supported locally by a psychiatric nurse and doctor, with support
from centrally-based specialists in the various modalities mentioned.
Organization of services
The principles of primary health care - cure, rehabilitation, prevention and promotion - should always guide
the organization of services for survivors of torture and organized violence. This requires the recognition that
the point of health care be available close to patients’ homes, and that the staff of these health facilities be
able to manage the conditions that present to them. A suggested model is as follows:
Primary Health Centre
Identification of disorders.
Management of minor disorders.
Referral of more complex conditions, including
disorders due to torture and organized violence.
District Hospital
Assessment of severe disorders.
Individual counselling.
Family counselling.
Physical therapy.
Medical interventions.
Co-ordination of community work.
Provincial Hospital
Assessment of complex conditions.
Specialist treatment.
Compensation
Compensation is a likely to be a central feature of the disgruntlement driving retribution, and it will be
difficult to ignore this completely. A list of violations for which compensation should be paid for individuals
has been provided by the Governing Council of the United Nations Compensation Commission xi. This list
may be described shortly as follows:
Category A: A spouse, child or parent of the individual who suffered death;
Category B: The individual suffered serious personal injury involving dismemberment,
permanent or temporary significant disfigurement, or permanent or temporary
significant loss of use or limitation of use of a body organ, member, function or
system;
Category C: The individual suffered sexual assault or aggravated assault or torture;
Category D: The individual witnessed the intentional infliction of events described in
Categories A, B or C on his spouse, child or parent;
Category E: The individual was taken hostage or illegally detained for more than three days,
or for a shorter period, in circumstances indicating an imminent threat to his or
her life;
Category F: On account of a manifestly well-founded fear for one’s life or of being taken or
illegally detained, the individual was forced to hide for more than three days;
Category G: The individual was deprived of all economic resources, such as to threaten
seriously his or her survival and that of his or her spouse, children or parents, in
cases where assistance from his or her Government or other sources has not been
provided.
Individual compensation will be highly problematic, and, given the extremely high numbers of people
affected in the past nine years, let alone those from the 1980s and the 1970s, exceptionally expensive.
Hence, it will seem inevitable that recourse will have to made to forms of community compensation, outside
of the more egregious violations for which it will hard to avoid individual claims. The form of community
compensation will obviously need to have to have strong assent from the communities themselves, and thus
it will be important that this is addressed in the consultative process referred to above.