voter registration slip serial numbers. Although the noting of serial numbers does not constitute an electoral fraud, the effect it has on voters tantamount to electoral fraud through harassment and intimidation, and is a breach of the Electoral Act and section 67 of the Constitution, which guarantees political rights. According to ZEC, “the offences border on voter intimidation, impersonification of ZEC officials and trespassing should the persons enter your premises and are in violation of the Electoral Act and Section 156 (c) of the Constitution among others.”3 The ZRP in a statement warned perpetrators that,” It is a criminal offence for any citizen to coerce another citizen and take down or record their voter registration serial numbers and voter registration details.” 4 However, most incidences are never reported and in some instances the police take no action. At a Human Rights Mobile clinic conducted by the Forum in Mutare on the 25th of April 2018, the Forum received reports that police were not taking any action against those demanding BVR serial numbers in spite of some individuals making official reports. The Forum documented only one case of Abel Mauchi who sued a ZANU PF supporter, Matora Masiiwa for assaulting and injuring him after he refused to surrender his voter registration slip.5 Internal political party democracy: Primary Elections The two main political parties, ZANU PF and MDC-A conducted their primary elections in April and May respectively. These elections were characterised by intraparty violence, a demonstration of a high level of political intolerance amongst candidates and their supporters. From January to 15 June 2018, the Zimbabwe Peace Project (ZPP) recorded a total of 105 cases of intra-party violence. Of these, 62 cases were of intra party violence in ZANU PF and 53 cases in the MDC Alliance.6 3 Capitalkfm.com/article/demanding-voter-reg-slips-illegal-zec Muza Mpofu, Full statement: ZRP warns culprits demanding serial numbers from voters’ registration slips, 30 January 2018, https://www.myzimbabwe.co.zw/news/15522-full-statement-zrp-warnsculprits-demanding-serial-numbers-from-voters-registration-slips.html 5 Ziso/Ilihlo Citizen Report 4 6 ZPP, Monitoring Report Week ended 15 June 2018, https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ZPP%20Monitoring%20Report%20Week%20Ending%20Ju ne%2015.pdf 15