Anthony Reeler
terms, and, when the story is told, it does become much easier to accept both
realities. This is not the whole story, for only a truth commission or a criminal
tribunal could allow the full story to be properly told.
This particular story will try to tell the story of the present government’s use
of violence against its citizens. Although it is mainly the story of ZANU(PF), it is
also somehow the story of Rhodesia too, for we have gone back to another era
in current Zimbabwe. The stories of Rhodesia and Zimbabwe cannot in reality
be disentangled from each other, not least because many of the protagonists of
violence are still political players. It also the case that much of the history from
the initial settler occupation in the 19th century could also be viewed through a
human rights lens and arguments made retrospectively about war crimes, crimes
against humanity, and the like. History looks very different from the perspective
of the sufferers and the losers, as Marx and others make us aware.
However, I will confine this discussion to events after 1965, for 1965 represents
an important legal break with the overall past: treason is different from colonial
conquest because it is a very deliberate affront to an agreed legal order, and this
is what the Rhodesian Front government did in 1965. While we might argue about
the moral basis of Rhodesian rule up until that point, no one would have argued
that there was not a properly elected, legitimate government, albeit one that was
racist and excluding of the majority of potential citizens. Equally, after the Uni
lateral Declaration of Independence, no one was in any doubt that the government
of Rhodesia and all its acts were illegal: those that sought to remove the ‘illegal’
government were legitimate, armed struggle was legitimate, and the failure of the
Smith government to surrender rendered its own violence was illegitimate.5
The story of the 1970s
If you had suffered a human rights violation during the 1970s Liberation War,
what might have happened to you? This question, in essence, has been asked of
many thousands of Zimbabweans over the years, and we now know a number of
interesting things about the answers and the Liberation War.6
5
For the early history of political violence, see L. Sachikonye, When a State Turns on its
Citizens: Institutionalized Violence and Political Culture (Auckland Park: Jacana, 2011).
6
See Survivors of Torture and Organised Violence from the 1970s War of Liberation (Harare:
Amani Trust, 1998); See also A. P. Reeler, ‘Surviving torture: A Zimbabwean experience’, in
D. Irmler (ed.), Old Ways – New Theories: Traditional and Contemporary Family Therapy:
Connect in Africa (Harare: Connect, 1995); A. P. Reeler, ‘Epidemic violence and the community:
A Zimbabwean case study’, Community Development Journal (1998), 33: 128–39.
32
International Conference on Transitional Justice, Zimbabwe
Select target paragraph3
Add to table of contents