and dissemination of diverse information without undue restriction by the State. Freedom after expression also remains elusive, with self-censorship still prevalent due to the fear of being prosecuted for expressing views critical of individuals, institutions and state policies and practices. There is need for the removal of provisions in this Act which allow for such restrictions to continue. 1.5.7 Broadcasting Services Act [Chapter 12:06] The broadcasting law, Broadcasting Services Act (BSA), is being used to maintain a state monopoly of the airwaves. Monopolies are known to be indicators of societies where freedom of expression does not thrive. The Act establishes a Broadcasting Authority whose functions46, among many others, is to encourage diversity in the control of broadcasting services and or preservation of the national security and integrity of Zimbabwe. The Act further provides for the powers and duties of the Broadcasting Authority of Zimbabwe, sets out the constitution of the Authority and further provides for the planning, management, allocation, regulation and protection of the broadcasting frequency spectrum and the regulation and licencing of broadcasting services and systems; to provide for programme standards; to regulate and licence signal carriers; to encourage and develop the creative arts through broadcasting content standards; to create a sense of national identity through broadcasting services. The provisions in this Act that seek to promote freedom of expression include the establishment of a broadcasting fund whose purpose is to make grants available to local authorities or their appointed agents for them to assist needy persons to obtain access to broadcasting services. 47 Unfortunately, the Act has not been able to promote freedom of artistic expression and diversity with regard to the fact that it has only led to the monopolization of the airwaves therefore resulting in pre-censorship of artistic content where the content is vetted before being broadcast running the risk of exclusion if it is viewed as against the vested interests of the ruling party hegemony. 46 47 Section 3 Of the Broadcasting Services Act 2001 Section 30 (b) of the Broadcasting Services Act 32 | P a g e