forced out of school, and during the move to Hopley she lost many of her possessions. She has been a vocal advocate of human rights for her community, both at Porta Farm and since she was forcibly displaced, at Hopley Farm, raising concerns with human rights groups, with UN Special Envoy Mrs. Anna Tibaijuka and with the media. On 17 October 2005 she was called to a meeting at Hopley Farm at which the Minister of Local Government, Public Works and Urban Development, Ignatius Chombo, and other government officials were present. During this meeting she was told that she had 'sold out' by giving information to human rights organisations. She was reportedly told she would not be allowed to stay at Hopley Farm if she continued to interact with human rights groups (she had been allocated a stand, but this was withdrawn). At this meeting Felistus Chinyuku alleges that her life was threatened by a government official in the presence of the Minister. Following further harassment by ruling party youth, Felistus Chinyuku left Hopley Farm, fearing for her safety. 5.1.1 Operation Garikai/Hlalani Kuhle On 29 June the government of Zimbabwe launched Operation Garikai/Hlalani Kuhle 44, a programme intended to provide new housing and premises for small business, ostensibly to address the needs of those affected by Operation Murambatsvina. However, only a few thousand houses have reportedly been constructed countrywide 45 and of those houses designated as “built”, many remained incomplete, un-serviced or appeared to be uninhabited. Moreover, the criteria for beneficiaries of the Operation Garikai/Hlalani Kuhle scheme are unclear. In some cases people have reportedly only been given plots of land on which they are expected to build their own homes. In other cases people have been told the government will build a “core” structure for which they will have to pay and they are expected to build the rest of their home with their own finances.46 To qualify for a core house, beneficiaries are reportedly asked to prove they have an income. Given that Operation Murambatsvina has left the majority of its already poor victims destitute through loss of property and livelihood, this criterion would seem to disqualify them. Moreover, statements by government officials suggest that many of the newly built houses will be allocated to civil servants as a priority over the homeless.47 The situation for those at Hopley Farm reflects the wider lack of clarity in Operation Garikai/Hlalani Kuhle. The government has indicated that those forcible displaced to Hopley Farm are to be permanently resettled there, and many households have now been allocated small plots of land (stands). However, by February 2006, after more than six months at Hopley Farm, only a few houses had been completed. The majority of the residents are still living in makeshift structures of asbestos and plastic and it is unclear how or when sufficient housing and infrastructure for basic services such as water and sewerage will be provided.48 Moreover, the stand allocation processes is not backed by any legal documents which would guarantee security of tenure, leaving people vulnerable to further evictions.49 Garikai”and “Hlalani Kuhle” mean “live well” in Shona, and Ndebele respectively. The Herald (Zimbabwe), “ZDF commends Operation Garikai”, 8 November 2005. The state- controlled paper quotes an army commander in charge of the work as saying that 3,208 houses had been built countrywide; The Herald (Zimbabwe), “Council fails to develop 120,000 stands, 26 January 2006. 46 Zimbabwe Parliament debate on Operation Murambatsvina, Ministerial statement by the Minister of Local Government, Public Works and Urban Development, extracted from Hansard Vol. 32, No. 6, Parliament of Zimbabwe, 28 June, 2005. 47 The Standard (Zimbabwe) “20% 'Garikai' houses for civil servants”, 19 March 2006. 48 The Herald (Zimbabwe), “Council fails to develop 120,000 stands, 26 January 2006. 49 Those allocated stands have only being given pieces of paper with their stand number printed on it. 44 45