participation, less activism, lower support for democracy, and less political trust than Nonelites. This corroborates the finding of the earlier study (RAU. 2015) that Elites are
“disconnected democrats”. These differences are shown in more detail when the
disaggregated data is examined.
Figure 1: Voice, Elite versus Non-elite [%]
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
53
4141
39
2623
22
13
35
27
3435
3334
2423
Non-elite
Elite
There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of Voice (see Table 1),
but, interestingly Non-elites were significantly more likely to state that they were free to say
what they think,3 and slightly more likely to be less careful what they say (Figure 1).
Figure 2: Community Participation, Elite versus Non-elite [%]
60
50
50
42 44
40
30
25
19
20
25
18
14
Non-elite
Elite
10
0
Member of
religious group
Member of
voluntary
association or
community
group
Attend a
community
meeting
Join others to
raise an issue
Non-elites were significantly more likely to participate in the community (Figure 2), and, as
can be seen in Figure 2, especially so in respect of active participation, such as attending a
3
χ² = 8.9; p=0.01
9