10 measuring openness to experience along a dimension of Openness v Closedness. The DIQ correlates with other personality inventories such Locus of Control and measures the extent to which a person construes himself of herself as having control over life’s events or not. The ATQ measures the attitudes of health workers to treating psychological disorders and contrasts two broad styles: a style that leans towards physical treatment as opposed to a style that leans towards psychotherapy or counselling. Openness to experience on the DIQ correlates with a psychotherapeutic orientation on the ATQ. Age Gender Untrained By AMANI [N=16] 29.7 Trained by AMANI [N=12] 32.6 No of Attitudes to Direction of qualifications treatment interest 2 1.5 68.1 5.7 5.2 3.3 5 0.6 7.4 2.12 2.3 70.3 6.3 1.2 9.9 2.01 There were some differences between the two groups, but only age was statistically significant. There were small trends for the trained group to have higher qualifications, and also to be both more open to experience and to favour psychotherapeutic interventions for psychological disorders. This can be interpreted as partial support for training having an effect upon attitudes, but this cannot be asserted conclusively in the absence of a pretraining baseline. However, it does accord with the self-report of the nurses themselves and also with the results of the independent evaluation, which reported that the nurses’ managers saw a marked change in the psychological-mindedness of those who had received training from AMANI. Client outcome studies In addition to the nurse survey a series of studies were carried out in order to determine the effectiveness of the treatments offered by nurses. The first two of these were examinations of whether nurse-delivered treatment was effective, whilst the third was a random follow-up of clients seen over a three-year period. 1. Brief Therapeutic Interview This study has been reported elsewhere in detail and will be merely summarised here. The subjects were all torture survivors from Mt. Darwin District. All subjects have suffered from both physical and psychological torture, with some disorders being more than 20 years duration. One subject died during the course of the trial, and another 2 did not return for 12 month repeat assessments and were thus excluded. Detailed assessment had previously been conducted on each survivor, using the instruments described below. These instruments are described more fully in a manual developed by the AMANI Trust 15 The CAPS is a clinical interview for Post-Traumatic 15 See AMANI Trust(1995) Assessment of the Consequences of Torture and Organised Violence: A manual for field workers, HARARE: AMANI.. Training nurses in the assessment and management of psychological disorders: Report of AMANI Trust’s programme in Mashonaland Central Province, Zimbabwe.