ActionAid International Southern Africa Partnership Programme (SAPP-Zimbabwe) credence to unemployment estimates of over 70%. The proportions that are engaged in formal jobs are highlighted in Figure 6 and Appendix.6.14 Bulawayo and Victoria Falls recorded a large proportion of respondents reporting formal jobs as a primary source of income. Twice (20%) as many male headed households compared to female headed households primary source of income was formal employment. Only 5% of elderly- and 2% child headed households claimed to be formerly employed. However, no differences were noted for other vulnerable categories. 3.4 Impact of Operation at household level As already highlighted, the impact of the operation has cut across a wide spectrum of households and social groups. However, the impact is generally the same - negative. The extent to which a household or communities were affected has not been quantified. Scant, inconsistent and at times conflicting information is available on the impact of Operation Murambatsvina/Restore Order. Therefore as one of the key findings of the survey, it was to investigate and detail what it is that households lost during the exercise. The areas examined included; shelter, source of income, education for children, loss of property (apart from shelter), deterioration of health, food security, household safety and security, disruption of family unit, women status and dignity, increased vulnerability for children, orphans and women, loss of health facilities, home based care and anti retroviral treatment as well as the psychological (trauma) effect on the family. These are discussed in the following sections: 3.4.1 Shelter A majority (70%) of respondents reported that they had lost shelter. Loss of shelter was three fold 1) a tenant being evicted as a result of demolitions, 2) a land lord losing a section of his home as a result of the demolitions and 3) home owners losing a section or all of his/her home and being displaced. Figure 7: Households that reported losing shelter by area From information gathered Victoria Victoria Falls Fall (78%), Kariba Beitbridge (78%), Harare (75%) and Mutare Kariba (71%) were the Mutare worst affected. Bulawayo Bulawayo and Beitbridge had Harare 46% and 30% of Overall respondents claiming that they 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% had lost shelter as a result of the Operation, respectively. Further analysis shows that female headed households, particularly widowed- (58%) and elderly headed (67%) households were also affected. From the analysis no differences were noted for the other vulnerable categories apart from the households headed by women and children in terms of impact. It becomes apparent that the increased demand for accommodation net effect is the escalation in the cost of accommodation and over crowding in the “legitimate” Zimbabwe Operation Murambatsvina/Restore Order National Survey Report 19