ActionAid International Southern Africa Partnership Programme (SAPP-Zimbabwe) due to various factors including the search for employment. The major consequences of this, traditional safety nets and social linkages are used to mitigate suffering in periods of shock, however, the magnitude and extent of the operation has rendered these ineffective. Furthermore Mutare being the third largest city and capital to Manicaland the impact of the Operation was felt more. Despite the proportions that were recorded for Kariba (1%), Beitbridge (2%) and Victoria Falls (2%), the impact at town level is substantial with 37%, 42% and 54%, respectively. On a localised scale, the impact in Bulawayo, of Operation Murambatsvina was only 29%, suggesting that Bulawayo residents were not as negatively affected compared to other areas. Bulawayo city councils for the past decades have been popular with the strict enforcements of urban by laws, this coupled with the migration of people to Botswana and South Africa to seek employment, may have limited growth in the population and ultimately pressure on accommodation and other activities that were targeted by Operation Murambatsvina/Restore Order. Kariba and Victoria Falls are tourist resorts. After a boom in business from 1990 to 2000, business has been in low. The majority of individuals in these areas main source of livelihood was directly related to tourist arrivals. The influx of people in these areas was not matched with the increase in service provision with the respective councils and by the GoZ. Victoria Falls being the most popular resort probably had more people migrating to it, compared to Kariba. The subsequent result is evidenced by more people (54%) compared to (37%) in Kariba. Beitbridge is the busiest border post in Zimbabwe. This is the major link between Zimbabwe and South Africa and as such Beitbridge has been growing. Forty two percent (42%) of respondents in this area are estimated to have been affected by the Operation. During the period of the Rhodesian Federation (1953 to 1963) (Zimbabwe, then South Rhodesia, Malawi, formally Nyasaland and Zambia, then North Rhodesia were one federation) movement across the borders was easy and this subsequently resulted in migrants from Malawi and Zambia living in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe was the administrative capital of the federation. In addition, due to civil strife in Mozambique in the 1980s and 1990s, migrates from Mozambique also settled in Zimbabwe. As a result, Zimbabwe has a significant number of people of foreign origin. In this study, 4% of the sampled households were of foreign origin. This was uniform for all 6 sampled areas. Figure 1: Households affected in more than 3 ways 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% Victoria Falls Beitbridge Kariba Mutare Bulawayo 10% 0% Harare 30% 20% Area In many instances, there was compound (multiple) impact on households surveyed. A household that may have lost shelter may have also lost a source of income and any other variable. This also increases the suffering of the household. Generally, most sampled households (76%) fell Zimbabwe Operation Murambatsvina/Restore Order National Survey Report 9