took the campaign too far, as their action to deal with settlements on farms occupied during the land invasions and with urban produce producers was overruled. Two particularly zealous proponents of the Operation were the Chairperson of the Harare Commission and one of the City Council administrators. Whoever are the prime movers of this disastrous campaign, what is clear that the head of State and the Government bear overall responsibility for this campaign, as well as all individuals who are proven to be the actual architects of the campaign . 12 Developments since previous Zimbabwe NGO Forum Report This section describes some of the significant events that have occurred since our preliminary report was issued. Porta Farm Porta Farm, which is outside Harare, became a transit camp in when the Government decided to clear away hundreds of poor urban squatters from various locations in Harare ahead of the Commonwealth Summit in Harare, so that Queen Elizabeth would not have to see squalor as she went through Harare. This was another Operation Murambatsvina. The Government later pledged to provide proper housing for the people at Porta Farm, but this promise was never honoured. The transit camp remained and grew, and Porta Farm became an established settlement as many people transformed plastic shelters into small brick houses. Over the years, Porta Farm evolved into a stable community with clinics, primary and secondary schools, pre-schools, and an orphanage. The numbers at Porta Farm increased to about 5 000 in 1993 when some of those evicted, contrary to a court order, from Churu farm settled at Porta Farm. By 2005, the population at Porta Farm had increased to about 12 000 people. Several times in the past the authorities have tried to move the squatters from Porta Farm. In 1991, the Harare City Council threatened to remove the residents. The residents then obtained a provisional High Court interdict prohibiting the Council from evicting them until it had found alternative accommodation with the necessary basic services for them. 13 In 1995, the Harare City Council again tried to evict the residents. Another High Court provisional order was obtained preventing the demolishing of houses and eviction of the residents. 14 In August 2004, the Ministry of Local Government then attempted to evict the residents. A High Court order was obtained against the Ministry to prevent the eviction. 15