Photo 4: A Zimbabwean considers his life, central Johannesburg
C.
Border control, documentation and policing of Zimbabweans
1. Border control versus border management
It is the right of any nation to control who has access through its borders, and also the
responsibility of a nation to police borders ‐ which in the case of South Africa are often very
violent and extortionist zones, where rapes and thefts of would‐be migrants are rampant.
However, the extremely lengthy and remote nature of all of South Africa’s borders means that
they are very porous, and that migrants effectively cannot be kept out ‐ but the current border
policy means that they arrive undocumented and vulnerable to abuse and exploitation
because of their essentially illegal status.42 However, instead of plans to liberalise border
control, in March 2010, the South African Police were appealing for a greater clampdown,
aided by the South African National Defence Force (SANDF). Loren Landau of the FMSP
responded:
Without a wholesale rethink of regional migration management, such initiatives will
fail before the SANDF step out of their jeeps. For several years the government has
been talking about a shift away from “immigration control” to “immigration
management”. The point behind this shift is simple, but so commonly ignored it bears
repeating: South Africa can not control human movement across the entire border line
unless it is prepared to spend billions, act inhumanely against those trying to cross,
and attract international condemnation for its efforts.43
Landau predicts that if there were a regional migration system rather than a national
migration system between southern African nations, “about 85 percent of undocumented
foreign nationals would have documentation”.
2. Deportations
In keeping with its policy of border control as opposed to management, until 2009 the most
recognisable government response to Zimbabwean migrants was to deport them. While
statistics for deportations have not been disaggregated by nationality since 2005, in 2005
there were 150,000 Zimbabweans deported, and this was a more than three‐fold increase
over 2004 (45,000 deportations). One could realistically estimate that over 700,000
Zimbabweans were deported between January 2004 and April 2009, at massive domestic
expense amounting to billions of Rand.44 This was clearly a useless policy, as it did nothing to
42 Countries all over the world face the reality that it is virtually impossible to keep out migrants – even the wall
on the Mexican border has failed to do so.
43 Loren Landau, FMSP: “Police Commissioners Irresponsibly Inflate Numbers; Blame Foreigners for Security
Woes”; Press release, 3 March 2010.
44 In 2004, each deportation was said to cost the State R 16,000. See No War, ibid.
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