were held, allegedly to plan the attacks – how did this go ahead over several days, without any
response or intervention from the authorities including the police, when knowledge of this
seems to have been fairly wide spread?100
Furthermore, eyewitness reports indicate that the police did little to protect people or
property during the hours of attacks, simply transporting Zimbabweans away from the scene
but not arresting a single looter.101 The police have said they were underpowered to respond
in any other way – but had not called for back up after the first attacks three days earlier.
Many Zimbabwean believe that the police were actively complicit with the looters. Lack of
police response in De Doorns reinforces the pattern of impunity that surrounds xenophobia
and that was witnessed during the attacks countrywide in May 2008. As the SAHRC report
notes, the xenophobic attacks in Gaunteng ended once all the foreigners had been chased out
and all the businesses had been looted: it was not an official response by the State which
ended them. The SAHRC report refers to the virtual absence of the rule of law in informal
settlements, and to the tendency towards dropping charges against perpetrators in the
supposed interests of reintegrating the victims into the same communities. They also refer to
the outcome of judicial cases as having served the impunity of the perpetrators and of having
failed to deliver justice to victims.102
A further finding of the SAHRC report was that the violence of 2008 was often rooted in the
“micro‐politics of South Africa’s townships and informal settlements” and was on occasions
“spearheaded by local groups and inviduals seeking to claim or consolidate power”.103 This
appears to have been the case in De Doorns too, with the local councillor and Mayor of Breede
River repeatedly referred to as being the main instigators, possibly under pressure from their
support base that included many labour contractors resentful of the Zimbabweans.104 And
yet, as FMSP has pointed out:
…it is not clear which institution has the mandate to monitor and oversee local political
actors if they are suspected of inciting or being complicit in violence.105
Whatever early warning systems are theoretically in place in the wake of 2008, they are
clearly not working. That 2,500 Zimbabweans could be displaced in such a small community
in the space of a few hours is a sober warning to South African authorities that xenophobia on
a large scale could – and almost certainly will ‐ occur again. As Lawrence Mushwana,
chairperson of the SAHRC warned at the launch of their report, if the authorities do not deal
with the tendency of local politicians to use dislike of foreigners as part of their campaigning
strategy, more xenophobic attacks can be expected during the 2011 local government
elections.106
100 Braam Hanekom was called to De Doorns by anxious Zimbabweans on 16 November, as they knew the
attacks were brewing. Yet police did not summon reinforcements or take any other actions to head off the
attacks. Affidavit by Hanekom, submitted to the SAPS in November 2009.
101 Op cit.
102 SAHRC, ibid, pages 8, 12, 19.
103 Op cit.
104 FMSP ibid, also Hanekom, ibid.
105 Op cit page 6.
106 N Lekotjolo; “Xenophobia is not dead”, Sunday Times, Johannesburg, 21 March 2010.
38
Select target paragraph3
Add to table of contents