WHY DIALOGUE? 3 Different methods can be used to bring peace, healing and reconciliation to communities. It is, therefore, imperative to point out the strengths of dialogue as compared with other approaches that can be used. Exercise / ‘Why dialogue? • Based on their understanding of dialogue or their experience in using the different conflict-resolution techniques, participants discuss their understanding of the different approaches. They should specifically answer the following questions: • What are the strengths and weaknesses of each approach? • In which situations can the different approaches be used? • In a plenary, the facilitator leads a discussion that will help participants develop an appreciation of the different approaches, of their strengths and weaknesses, and of where they can be applied. Theoretical input Table 4: Strengths and weaknesses of the different approaches Method Strengths Weaknesses Negotiation • The currency of negotiation is defining and satisfying material interests through specific and jointly agreed solutions. • There is low concern for relationships, as the focus is more on satisfying own positions, needs and interests. • The participants in negotiation must have a specific mandate or represent a specific group. • The desired product of negotiation (and of mediation as well) is a concrete agreement. • Negotiations require parties who are ready to reach agreement. Mediation • Mediation focuses on a win–win resolution that has a more positive impact where there is an ongoing relationship between the parties. • The informal atmosphere of mediation encourages compromise. Mediation encourages the use of a joint problem-solving procedure by the parties in conflict. It is a less intimidating method of dispute resolution in which the parties involved consider options and reach an agreement. Dialogue • Dialogue is more experimental, fluid and dynamic. It has no specific end point and seeks to create a whole new reality. • Mediation may not be appropriate. For instance, the process is inappropriate where the two parties have an unequal power relationship. In such a situation, the more dominant party may force the other party to accept a solution which is unjust. • There can be too much informality in the case of mediation and a more powerful or confident party can take advantage of this. This may produce an imbalance in bargaining power. • The process takes time and requires financial resources. • Dialogue can be fruitful by involving people who are not ready for negotiations but do not want a destructive relationship to continue. • Dialogue goes beyond facts or the intellectual level in trying to understand the feelings and needs of individuals. Module 3: Dialogue in community healing » 35