Initiators and moderators must work to move such participants to higher levels of engagement Table 7: Framework for moving types of participants to higher levels of engagement Type Objective Techniques Cautions Bystanders/ apathetic citizens • Show how they are impacted by the issues • Provide concrete examples • Will become even less receptive if they feel blamed • Show how dialogue will help resolve the issues Victims/ aggressors • Show how circumstances force them to engage • Show how dialogue will help resolve the issues • Ask questions that cause them to identify issues • Do not like to be ‘overpursued’ • Explain how dialogue will publicly expose these issues • May lose interest if issues focus on a limited set of stakeholders • Invite storytelling • Are likely to develop high expectations • Provide facts or insights about their situation that compel engagement • May not join until a process is ongoing • Emphasise neutrality Problem solvers • Show how dialogue will help resolve the issues • Explain the value of dialogue • Often want to see quick results • Show how dialogue complements other types of initiatives IDENTIFYING THE KEY ELEMENTS OF TERMS OF ENGAGEMENT (Mini lecture and group exercise) This objective relates to the question of what should be included in the terms of engagement. Despite the fact that there are five key elements that should be present, it is important at this stage for the participants to realise that there is no single set of rules that is applicable to all dialogues. Each group (or individual) may have a different set of rules that it believes are important. For this reason, it is useful for participants to do a practical exercise that will highlight the different priorities that exist among different people. Exercise / ‘Key elements’ STEP 1: The facilitator asks participants to provide him or her with different items that they believe should be included in the terms of engagement. STEP 2: The facilitator writes these items down under one of the following category heading: Objective; Commitment; Rules of meetings; Communication; Enforcement. STEP 3: Using the theoretical information below, the facilitator explains the five categories and identifies any items that participants may have omitted. Module 3: Dialogue in community healing 51 3