PANEL 3 Accountability gaps in approaches to sexual and gender-based violence Panel Three highlighted some of the gaps pertaining to prosecutorial approaches to accountability for sexual and gender-based violence and the omissions that play out in various contexts of accountability. In this regard, panellists Oryem Nyeko, Sufiya Bray, and Brenda Muturi noted that accountability goes beyond legal processes for the redress of sexual and gender-based violence. Panellists highlighted the fact that most conflicts involve complex victims and complex perpetrators, thus emphasising the importance of thinking through the ways in which socio-economic justice, traditional justice mechanisms, and memory can address some of the accountability gaps in approaches to sexual and gender-based violence. 3 ORYEM NYEKO Communications and Advocacy Team Leader, Justice and Reconciliation Project, Uganda Contextualising prosecutions for sexual violence in northern Uganda Nyeko’s presentation explored the complexities of the Ugandan conflict in which he detailed the ways in which perpetrators and victims do not often fit into the neat binaries that are often assumed in justice processes. In this regard, he highlighted the complexity of the case of Dominic Ongwen, a former child soldier and commander of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), who occupies both perpetrator and victim identities. For Nyeko, this is arguably why ICC Chief Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda stated, ‘[w]e cannot hope to write a comprehensive history of northern Uganda’, epitomising the complexity of Uganda, which has undergone a decade of latent and blatant conflict related to the LRA. Nyeko expanded further on these complexities, noting the entanglement of conflict and society in northern Uganda. He noted how the survivors of forced marriages, sexual slavery and forced 10\ Accountability for conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence: Successes, challenges, narratives, and omissions