Many victims believe they are re-victimised due to their inherent qualities, including their physical qualities (disability, lack of medical or psychological support), their economic situation (poverty, lack of education, lack of male figures for protection and economic support, missed opportunities), and their psychological qualities (resentment, trauma, isolation, perception of helplessness). communities, including insults, stigma and rejection, which manifested in trauma, depression and suicide attempts; • that re-victimisation manifested in significant economic effects, including the burden of raising children alone, poverty, loss of property, and lack of opportunities, mostly attributed to a lack of formal or vocational training. She noted that some women moving forwards sought relationships not only for companionship, but also for financial support, which, she argued, is a form of economic support but also exposes many women to exploitation and abuse; • that there are substantial socio-cultural effects for both survivors and, in the cases in which survivors had children borne of rape, the children. In particular, she identified the lack of access to land and inheritance rights of many children borne of rape, particularly in cases where the fathers are unknown, as these rights are tied to paternal lineage; and • that some women are targeted for rape, including marital rape, and domestic violence because they have previously experienced sexual and gender-based violence. Kahunde then discussed some of the perceptions of victims and survivors of sexual and genderbased violence regarding their re-victimisation. She noted that many victims believe they are re-victimised due to their inherent qualities, including their physical qualities (disability, lack of medical or psychological support), their economic situation (poverty, lack of education, lack of male figures for protection and economic support, missed opportunities), and their psychological qualities (resentment, trauma, isolation, perception of helplessness). In cases where victims or survivors were married, some of the respondents noted that they had no desire for sex, which led to further victimisation. The effect of this is that many victims and survivors felt hopeless, embarrassed, unloved, suicidal, stressed, and sad. Kahunde then discussed responses to revictimisation and what was being done to address and prevent it. In many cases, Kahunde noted, local leaders are aware that re-victimisation is happening, but their approach is a ‘blanket’ intervention – as opposed to addressing the victims’ specific experiences – which precludes authorities’ following up on the victims. She noted that there are varying responses in terms of how individuals prefer the issues to be addressed, noting that, in some cases, families prefer to settle the matter informally. She also noted that some cases are not reported to authorities on account of lack of access to transportation, which excludes some victims and survivors from reaching the relevant authorities. In terms of better responses to re-victimisation, Kahunde argued that support provided should be in the form of health services, livelihood, and economic support for women. She emphasised that there should be mechanisms for redressing past injustices, which offer reparations and social assistance through community sensitisation. Ultimately, she noted the importance of the specific needs of each victim or survivor, emphasising that the needs related to redress are unique to each person. 16\ Accountability for conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence: Successes, challenges, narratives, and omissions