PANEL 2 Case studies on accountability for sexual and gender-based violence in conflict Panel Two examined recent case studies in accountability for sexual and gender-based violence in the Hissène Habré case at the Extraordinary African Chambers, the case of Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo at the ICC, and various cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The panellists included Delphine Djiraïbé, Jean-Jacques Badibanga, and Séraphine Kilongozi Musambi, three legal practitioners who have been integrally involved in each of the respective cases. While the panellists spoke to the specifics of the cases on which they worked, all panellists highlighted the importance of victimcentred approaches, particularly in the prosecution of sexual violence, as the possibility for re-traumatisation and transgenerational trauma transfer is high. 2 JEAN-JACQUES BADIBANGA Senior Trial Lawyer, International Criminal Court The ICC’s first conviction for sexual and gender-based violence: The Prosecutor v. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo Badibanga’s presentation focused on the 2016 conviction in The Prosecutor v Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo, which was the first conviction for sexual and gender-based crimes at the International Criminal Court. Speaking with insights from his position as senior trial lawyer for the prosecution on the case, Badibanga spoke to its challenges and possible issues to consider in future prosecutions. Jean-Pierre Bemba was charged with rape both as a crime against humanity and as a war crime, as well as with murder as a crime against humanity and as a war crime. Charges of pillaging as a war crime and, subsequently, bribery were added during the trial. His trial lasted six years and, in 2016, Bemba was sentenced to 18 years’ imprisonment. Badibanga highlighted four significant issues related to the case. First, the extension of criminal responsibility to a military commanderin-chief based in another country. Second, 6\ Accountability for conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence: Successes, challenges, narratives, and omissions