The report was based on testimony gathered from more than 1000 people over a five-year
period. The commission focused its investigation on two case-study areas, the Tsholotsho and
Nyamandlovu districts in Matabeleland North and Matobo in Matabeleland South.
The report offered a chilling recitation of atrocities, describing how villagers would be assembled
at a central point — such as a school, or borehole — harangued and subjected to mass
beatings which were often followed by killings of those whose names were read from death lists.
Several viewpoints were reflected. The Government sought to suggest that dissidents were
actively sponsored by ZAPU leaders who were hoping to gain through renewed fighting what
they had failed to gain in elections. ZAPU’s view was that the heavy-handed Government
reaction to the dissident issue, and its targeting of ZAPU as solely responsible, expressed a
long-held desire to punish ZAPU and create a one-party state. The South African-sponsored
Super-ZAPU was seen as designed to disrupt the newly independent state. And the dissidents'
view was that they had been driven to desert the army by persecution of ex-ZIPRA members,
finding themselves further persecuted once outside the army and on the run.
The publication of the report produced no official Government response, and even led to conflict
between the two organisations that produced the report. In August 1997, the Catholic Bishops
Conference abruptly terminated the partnership between the commission and the Legal
Resources Foundation. The bishops were upset by publication of the report before the
President had responded to it, but it should be noted that there has still been no response up to
March 1999.
Demonstration Against Tax Increases (9 December 1997)
As can be seen from all of the above, there was a deteriorating political and economic climate
during 1997, and many observers were calling for urgent action by the Government to avoid
social unrest and violence. Human rights groups, in particular, made appeals to the President
and the Government to take proactive steps to maintain peace and security. Here one of the
most clear indications of the seriousness of the situation, and the unconcern by Government
resulted in the demonstrations that took place on 9 December 1997.
Throughout the country workers responded to calls by the ZCTU to engage in a peaceful
protest against tax and price increases. In Harare, trouble began in the early morning rush hour
as armed riot police blocked all major roads leading into the city. The police stopped cars and
buses, ordering passengers to return home and clubbing those who refused to do so. Just
before 8 am, all commuter omnibuses and public transport ferrying workers from the southern
high-density suburbs of Mbare, Highfield, Glen View, Glen Norah, Budiriro, among others, were
ordered back by the police. Roads leading into the city from the northern suburbs also met the
same fate.
Policemen manning the roadblocks were in an uncompromising mood, telling workers in no
uncertain terms they were not to proceed into town. But some people managed to sneak into
the city centre, many having to walk long distances. The workers wanted to congregate at Africa
Unity Square, venue of several mass protests in recent years. Police descended on about 500
or so workers who had slipped through the roadblocks and assembled at the square. They were
teargassed without any questions being asked. As many of them fled in all directions and back
home, workers in offices had to leave hurriedly as the biting teargas smoke filled their offices. At
this point police were clubbing any individual or groups of people in the vicinity of Africa Unity
Square. Some reporters and photographers were also assaulted.
Tired of being teargassed, some groups of people began to pull down road signs and used
garbage cans to block roads as the police vigorously pursued their efforts to drive the protesters
to the outskirts of Harare. As emotions reached fever pitch much later in the day, hooligans
joined in the fray and many buses and private cars were stoned, shops broken into and looted
and many people assaulted by the gangs. As Harare licked its wounds and counted the cost of
the street battles, human rights bodies unanimously condemned the high-handedness of the
police and said their action signalled a breakdown of law and order.
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