No. Arising issue Conclusion Recommendation staffing of ballots, imposition of candidates, vote buying and gender insensitivity undermined the freeness, fairness and transparency of political parties' primary elections guidelines for conducting primary elections should have provisions for women's quota since many were elbowed out after failing to withstand the volatile situation - Political parties should have voters' rolls for primary elections - For transparency purposes, political parties could invite ―externalǁ observers to observe their primary elections 10 Unequal media a c c e s s b y contesting political parties, especially to the electronic media The media was closed to other political parties - save for the ruling party and to some extent, MDC Alliance. This minimized voters rights to hearing other political views and therefore minimizing their political choices - Review of Zimbabwe's media laws and freedom of electronic media to allow establishment of more audio/visual transmission stations, especially in poor and marginalised communities. - Legislative opening of, for example, community radio stations would help in fulfilling Section 52 of the Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No.20) Act 2013 11 Inadequate voter education: ―My people are destroyed f o r l a c k o f knowledgeǁ (Hosea 4:6) A generalised voter education was fairly provided across the country. Nevertheless, it was scarce in the so called minority languages such as Tonga, Nambya, Kalanga, Venda, sign language, Braille and other languages illustrated in the constitution. More could have been done to enable voters to access voter education in the languages they best understood. There was no specific voter education targeting, especially of first time voters (who are also the youth) and women. - ZEC should open space for more organizations to complement voter education and should do away with voter education content approval and restriction as it is against Section 52 of the Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No.20) Act 2013 - Voter education should be carried out throughout the electoral cycle in order to have enough time to consider the necessary gender, generational and linguistical 12 Inadequate/lack of ablution facilities on open space/tent voter registration /voting spaces Voters frustration and sometimes withdrawal (not coming back again) from participating in electoral processes if the call of nature force them out of ― queueǁ to go back home or any other place to use the toilet. Mobile ablution facilities should be placed in open spaces on tents where the voting processes would be taking place for voters' convenience and health purposes. 13 Inadequate lighting in polling stations Voting took longer and voters'' waiting period increased at some polling stations as both election officials and voters struggled to read documents in poorly lit polling stations. - ZEC should invest more in lighting polling stations, especially those usually located in tents on open spaces 14 Excessive use of force and live ammunition on demonstrators The excessive use of the security forces, especially on 1 August 2018 which resulted to the death of at least six people, will not help in building the Zimbabwe we all want. Rather, it - Demilitarization of civic processes and avoiding the use of live ammunition in controlling civic expressions. - Violence should not be condoned, 47