191 SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE References 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. practice for research and evaluation. In: Ahearn F, ed. Psychosocial wellness of refugees: issues in qualitative and quantitative research. New York: Berghahn, 2000:24-40. Dybdahl R. Children and mothers in war: an outcome study of a psychosocial intervention program. Child Dev 2001;72:1214-30. Reeler AP, Mbape P. A pilot study of a brief form of psychotherapy for survivors of torture: the single therapeutic interview. Torture 1998;8:120-6. Curling P. The effectiveness of empowerment workshops with torture survivors. Torture 2005;15(1):9-15. Out of the frying pan into the fire: a report on Zimbabwean political refugees in South Africa. Report produced by the Amani Trust for Themba LeSizwe. Pretoria: Themba LeSizwe, 2004. Yoder C. The little book of trauma healing. When violence strikes and community security is threatened. Pennsylvania: Good Books, 2005. Reeler AP. Psychological disorders in primary care and the development of clinical services: an African perspective, The Psychologist 1991;4:349 53. Reeler AP. Psychological disorders in Africa. I: Issues of prevalence. Central African Journal of Medicine 1986;32:298 303. Reeler AP, Immerman R. An initial investigation into psychological disorders in Mozambican refugees: prevalence and clinical features. Central African Journal of Medicine 1994;40:309-15. Reeler AP, Mbape P, Matshona J et al. The prevalence and nature of disorders due to torture in Mashonaland Central Province, Zimbabwe. Torture 2001;11: 4-9. Curling P. The effectiveness of empowerment workshops with torture survivors. Torture 2005;15(1):9-15. Mollica RF, Cardozo BL, Osofsky HJ et al. Mental health in complex emergencies. Lancet 2004;364:2058-67. As they comment, all mental health providers should be provided with a selfcare programme that includes identification of risk factors and opportunities for resiliency to prevent negative mental health outcomes. Mental health treatment should be readily available to affected relief workers in a safe, non-punitive, and confidential setting. Notes a. It has become apparent in later workshops that the emphasis on having the workshop in a natural setting is not necessary, and that the process can still be effective in less conducive settings. However, there still are good reasons for trying to hold the workshop in a natural setting. T O R T U R E Vol um e 19 , N um b er 3 , 2 00 9 1. An investigation into the sequelae of torture and organised violence in Zimbabwean war veterans. Harare: Amani, 1998. Survivors of torture and organised violence from the 1970 war of liberation. Harare: Amani, 1996. 2. Reeler AP, Mbape P, Matshona J et al. The prevalence and nature of disorders due to torture in Mashonaland Central Province, Zimbabwe. Torture 2001;11:4-9. 3. Reeler AP, Mupinda M. Investigation into the sequelae of Torture and Organised Violence amongst Zimbabwean War Veterans. Legal Forum 1996; 8:12-27. 4. Survivors of organised violence in Matabeleland: facilitating an agenda for development – report of the workshop. Bulawayo: Amani Trust, 1998. 5. Who is responsible? A preliminary analysis of pre-election violence in Zimbabwe. Harare: Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum, 2000. Human rights and Zimbabwe’s June 2000 election. Harare: Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum, 2001. Who was responsible? A consolidated analysis of pre-election violence in Zimbabwe, 2001. Harare: Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum, 2001. Zimbabwe: terror tactics in the run-up to the parliamentary elections, June 2000. London: Amnesty International, 2000. Organised violence and torture in the June 2000 general election in Zimbabwe. Harare: Amani Trust, 2002. 6. Reeler AP, Chitsike KC. Trick or treat? The effects of the pre-election climate on the poll in the 2005 Zimbabwe parliamentary elections. June 2005. Pretoria: IDASA, 2005. 7. Reeler AP. Dealing with the complex emergency in Zimbabwe: thoughts on psycho-social support to the community. 2008. 8. Quiroga J, Jaranson JM. Politically-motivated torture and its survivors, Torture 2005;15:2-3, 1111. 9. Mollica RF, Cardozo BL, Osofsky HJ et al. Mental health in complex emergencies. Lancet 2004;364:2058-67. 10. Mental health in emergencies: mental and social aspects of health of populations exposed to extreme stressors. Geneva: WHO, Department of Mental Health and Substance Dependence, 2003. 11. Mollica RF, Cui X, Mcinnes K et al. Sciencebased policy for psychosocial interventions in refugee camps: a Cambodian example. J Nerv Ment Dis 2002;190:158-66. 12. Ager A. Psychosocial programs: principles and

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