VI. Human Rights Abuses by the Zimbabwe Defence Forces (October 2008 to June 2009) .. 28 Massacres in Chiadzwa (October 27 to November 16, 2008) ................................................ 30 Torture and Beatings ........................................................................................................... 34 VII. Continuing Abuses by the Military in Marange ............................................................ 37 Mining Syndicates and Forced Labor ................................................................................... 37 Forced Child Labor .............................................................................................................. 39 Theft and Harassment of the Local Community .................................................................... 41 Torture and Beatings ........................................................................................................... 43 Planned Forced Removal of the Local Community ................................................................ 44 VIII. Beneficiaries of the Illicit Diamond Trade ................................................................... 47 Police “Reaction Teams” ..................................................................................................... 47 Role of the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe ................................................................................49 Response to Allegations of Human Rights Abuse and Illegal Diamond Trading from the Government of Zimbabwe ................................................................................................... 51 IX. Response of the International Community ................................................................... 53 Kimberley Process Certification Scheme .............................................................................. 53 X. Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... 57