persons with all types of disabilities must enjoy all human rights and fundamental freedoms as contained in the various international human rights treaties. 4.3 International Covenant on Civil Political Rights (ICCPR) Article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) provides that all individuals, including those with mental disorders, protection from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment as well as the right not to be subjected to medical or scientific experimentation without informed consent 4.4 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). Article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights recognizes the right of everyone, including people with mental disorders, to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health. 4.5 African (Banjul) Charter on Human and People’s Rights, a legally binding document supervised by the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights. Article 16 guarantees the right to enjoy the best attainable state of physical and mental health, Article 4 covers the right to life and the integrity of the person, and Article 5 concerns the right to respect for the dignity inherent in human beings and the prohibition of all forms of exploitation and degradation, particularly slavery, slave trade, torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment and treatment. 5. Background of Ingutsheni Central Hospital Ingutsheni Hospital is a Government referral hospital in Zimbabwe, located in the city of Bulawayo. Established in 1908 as an asylum for blacks, whites were only housed temporarily until certified ‘lunatics’ then transferred to South Africa. It became a mental hospital in 1933 with the assignment of a Page 9 of 22