22 (47) Sixth UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Resolution 9, Specific needs of women prisoners, A/CONF.87/14/Rev.1, p. 12-13. (48) A. Coyle (2002) A Human Rights Approach to Prison Management: Handbook for prison staff (International Centre for Prison Studies). (49) Megan Bastick, ‘Women in Detention - A commentary on the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners’ (Discussion draft), Quakers United Nations Office, July 2005. http://www.quno.org/geneva/pdf/humanrights/Commentary-SMR-women-in-prison.pdf (50) Report of the 8th UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and Treatment of Offenders (1990), UN Doc. A/Conf.144/28/Rev. 1, p164. (51) The practice of discrediting and controlling people, organizations and political agendas through strategic use of allegations related to sexuality. (52) See CEDAW General Recommendation No 19 (11th Session, 1992) on Violence Against Women. http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/recommendations/recomm.htm (53) Zimbabwe Republic Police, Opposition forces in Zimbabwe: A trail of violence, March 2007. (54) Ibid. (55) NCA member Gift Tandare was shot dead by police in Harare on 11 March 2007 when police broke up an attempt to hold a prayer meeting in Highfield by the Save Zimbabwe Campaign. About 50 protesters including the two MDC faction leaders Morgan Tsvangirai and Arthur Mutambara were arrested. Several of the protesters were severely tortured while in police custody. (56) Jennifer Williams is one of the leaders of WOZA. (57) Alice Kasinamunda is a trainer with WOZA. (58) ZRP, Opposition forces in Zimbabwe: A trail of violence, p. 25-26, March 2007. (59) www.moha.gov.zw/violencereport1.pdf (60) A patriotic force, Solidarity Peace Trust, December 2006 (61) President Mugabe addressing staff at the Zimbabwe Embassy in Cairo, Egypt on 23 September 2006. His comment followed the beating of ZCTU protesters during arrest by police in Harare on 13 September. The protesters were tortured at Matapi police station later the same day. (62) Zimbabwe Republic Police, Opposition forces in Zimbabwe – A trail of violence, p13, March 2007. (63) Kigali Declaration, Adopted at the Ministerial Conference on Human Rights in Africa, 8 May 2003, Article 28. (64) Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 25 (Participation in public affairs and the right to vote), para. 25. (65) Zimbabwe Republic Police, A trail of violence – Opposition forces in Zimbabwe – The naked truth, Volume 2, p37, May 2007. (66) Amnesty International has written to the Commissioner of Police in Zimbabwe on numerous occasions raising concern over reported denial of medical care to injured protesters. For example, on 12 March 2007 the organization issued a press release calling on the government of Zimbabwe to allow access to medical treatment to activists when police arrested protesters for attempting to attend a prayer meeting in Harare organised by the Save Zimbabwe Campaign. AI Index: AFR 46/001/2007 (Public). (67) Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, G.A. Res. 34/169, 17 December 1979, Article 3.