“This is total war. We will have a central command centre. This is war, it is not a game. You are all soldiers of ZANU PF for the people. When we come to your province we must see you are ready. When the time comes to fire the bullet, the ballot, the trajectory of the gun must be true.”3 Ahead of the 2000 elections, the rejection of the government sponsored constitutional proposals in a referendum gave a warning to ZANU PF that it had lost popular support. Its response was to unleash upon the opposition a large scale campaign of violence and intimidation. Because it then was able to emerge victorious in this and subsequent elections, albeit by using intimidation and electoral manipulation, ZANU PF declared these results to be indicative of its popular support. In one of his last rallies before the March 2008 elections, President Mugabe was reported to have told supporters in Chiredzi, that he would not concede defeat even if he lost the election and would “go to the bush and use guns” to stop the opposition from taking over the administration of his government. He went on to say, “We used guns to liberate ourselves from the Rhodesian colonial government 28 years ago and we are going to use the same guns to stop the MDC or Makoni.” 3. March 2008 elections The March 2008 elections took place at a time when economic conditions for ordinary people were quite appalling. Nonetheless ZANU PF still believed it commanded considerable popular support and did not think it necessary to engage in widespread violent intimidation to force people to vote for it. Only weeks before the March 2008 elections, however, the heads of the army, the police and the prison service, all of whom participated in the liberation struggle, publicly proclaimed that they would not serve any President other than President Mugabe and instructed those under their command to vote for the ruling party. The results of the March 2008 election came as a complete shock to the ruling party. It was not prepared to accept the loss and has instead sought to reverse it. It has demanded a recount of the results in a number of constituency elections. It has also demanded a recount 3 See Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum (2007), Their Words Condemn Them: The Language of Violence, Intolerance and Despotism in Zimbabwe, May 2007, HARARE: ZIMBABWE HUMAN RIGHTS NGO FORUM. 4

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