v v vi vii vii viii ix 1 1 10 14 15 16 18 19 21 24 31 31 36 39 40 42 45 45 47 49 50 53 53 55 57 60 67 Contents List of Tables List of Figures List of Acronyms Acknowledgements Executive Director’s Foreword Executive Summary Key Findings 1. Introduction 1.1. Background to Peace and Reconciliation in Zimbabwe 1.2. Research Context 2. Rationale of the Study 3. Study Objectives 4. Research Methodology 5. Research Findings 5.1. Operational Definitions of Peace and Reconciliation 5.2. Rationale for the NPRC in Zimbabwe 5.3. Past Experiences to Inform the Peace and Reconciliation Framework 5.4. Designing a Possible Framework for the NPRC 5.4.1. Ideal Peace and Reconciliation Framework 5.4.2. The Place for Justice in the Reconciliation Framework 5.5. How do Communities Want to Deal with the Past 5.5.1. What Communities Want to be Done 5.5.2. How Communities Want to See the NPRC Function 6. Synergies and Collaborations 6.1 Synergies with State Actors 6.2 Synergies with Non-State Actors 7. Past Attempts for Reconciliation in Zimbabwe 7.1 Successes and Failures of Past Reconciliation Efforts 7.2 Major reasons for Failure of Past Reconciliation Efforts 8. Opportunities and Challenges for Reconciliation 8.1 Opportunities for Peace and Reconciliation 8.2 Challenges and Levelling the Playing Field 9. Indicators of Success 10. Reflections 11. Recommendations