HEAL ZIMBABWE - BASELINE STUDY REPORT To further understand the past experiences informing the national peace and reconciliation framework, we also asked respondents within our questionnaire to state at most three major events in Zimbabwe’s history that warrant national peace and reconciliation interventions. a le a or e ent Table 4 below indicates the percentage frequencies of major events experienced in Zimbabwe in response to the question: List three major events in Zimbabwe’s history that warrant the national peace and reconciliation interventions. arrantin national pea e an re on iliation inter ention Major events Percentages 2008 political violence 29.3% Gukurahundi 24.9% Murambatsvina 24.4% Liberation struggle 6.8% 2000 Land reform 4.2% Dollarization 3.1% 1992 Drought 2.3% 2015 retrenchments 1.8% 2002 political violence 1.0% Chiadzwa atrocities 0.9% GNU 0.8% 2016 mass demonstrations e.g. Tajamuka and #This Flag protests/stay away 0.3% Katiyo massacres 0.2% Total 100.0% The 2008 political violence was most frequently mentioned by 29.3% of respondents as the most prominent event warranting the NPRC followed by Gukurahundi with 24.9% and Operation Murambatsvina at 24.4%. The 2008 political violence is the most recent episode of violence that rocked Zimbabwe during elections. Over 200 people were killed while thousands were internally displaced.53 Gukurahundi is the early independence political conflict that left over 20 000 people dead in the Matabeleland and Midlands provinces. The least frequently mentioned event was the Katiyo massacres with 0.2% and the 2016 mass demonstrations with 0.3%. Katiyo massacres are killings that took place during the liberation struggle in the eastern border with Mozambique while the 2016 mass demonstrations involves violence that spread across the country as people protested against declining economy and bad governance. Heal Zimbabwe Trust notes that the views were mostly expressed by victims of violence and those who feel aggrieved by specific historical issues. Geographical differences and political orientation also influenced participants’ views as shown below in table 5. Human Rights Watch. (2011). Zimbabwe: No Justice for Rampant Killings, Torture Impunity Fuels New Abuses, Imperils Future Elections. Retrieved from: https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/03/08/zimbabwe-no-justice-rampant-killings-torture. 53 29