The meetings proceeded by way of presentations of the summary findings followed by indepth discussions in a question-and-answer format guided by the presentation and key
questions posed before the participants. The paper “Are Zimbabweans Revolting: Risk
Aversion Study First Phase” theorised that people’s risk taking/avoidance is differentiated
according to gender, age, education, employment, residence (rural or urban), and political
affiliation. The paper also theorised that residence and political affiliation might be more
central variables in understanding variations in risk taking behaviour in Zimbabwe. Age,
gender, education and employment were the other factors identified in the paper as critical in
understanding risk aversion. The dissemination meetings attempted to focus on these
variables, to get participants’ reactions as well as soliciting views on the following questions:
Why has Operation Murambatsvina had such a long effect, and did it have
a rebound effect on the elections in 2008, and was the latter a combination
of both OM and the economic decline?
Why are women no more risk averse than men?
Why should older people become more risk taking over time?
Why are the middle class – urban and educated – so risk averse?
Why are ZANU-PF supporters much more risk taking than others?
Is any of this explained by “political cultures”?
Data was recorded during the meetings, transcribed, cleaned and entered into NVIVO where
the analysis was done. This analysis began with reading, coding of major themes and word
frequency count, and thematic analysis of the emerging themes.
3. Youth views Report
3.1 Chaotic Governance
The young people were asked to describe Zimbabwe’s political situation in one word and
across all the three sites, the respondents were unanimous that there was chaotic governance
in Zimbabwe. Some of the words given by the respondents included “Clueless, Disorder,
Poor, Chaotic, Disaster, Volatile, Critical, Unfair, Unstable, Dead, and Hazardous”. The
overwhelming majority of respondents indicated they were risk averse and attributed this to
the chaotic governance of the country which was pervaded by intimidation of citizens by the
state. This results in people becoming increasingly wary of expressing themselves in public,
well expressed in the Afrobarometer surveys by the very high percentage of citizens – usually
over 80% - who state that they “are always careful about what they say about politics”. This
was a key statement in the construction of the risk aversion index (Masunungure et al. 2017).2
The different avenues available for citizens to participate in governance processes are not
fully utilised. Previous experiences with token consultation from local councils further
dissuade the citizenry from takin an active interest in participating. In one group some
respondents cited the example of residents’ association meetings being shunned by residents
because residents felt councils repeatedly ignored their views and the consultation processes
2
See again, Eldred Masunungure, Tony Reeler, Richman Kokera, Daniel Mususa, Stephen Ndoma & Heather
Koga (2016), Are Zimbabweans Revolting? An examination of Risk-taking and Risk-Aversion since 1999, May
2017. MPOI & RAU.
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