Table 29 Alleged perpetrators in cases involving detention ZRP (Uniformed branch) ZRP (CID) ZRP (PISI) ZRP (Riot Squad) ZRP (Support Unit) Zimbabwe National Army CIO Not detained 29.3% 2.0% 0.5% 21.1% 6.6% 47.9%* 0.5% Detained 56.9%* 24.7%* 1.1% 12.9% 5.4% 20.4% 0 *χ2: ZRP Uniformed Branch (20.85; P = 0.005); ZRP CID (45.57; P = 0.005); Army (19.86; P = 0.005) Most importantly, serious assaults, torture and unlawful arrests were strongly associated with detention, whilst shootings were obviously not (Table 30). Additionally, falanga was significantly more likely to occur in the detained group.33 It is worth noting here that very high rates of assaults, serious assaults and torture also took place outside places of detention, and that persons involved in ‘political’ cases were more likely to have been detained.34 Table 30 Other violations involving detention Assault Assault GBH Murder Property violations Theft Torture Unlawful arrest Shooting Not detained 26.8% 60.1% 1.5% 8.1% 1.0% 49.5% 7.6% 10.1%* Detained 21.5% 76.3%* 0 0 0 100.0%* 20.4%* 0 *χ2: Assault GBH (7.63; P = 0.01); Unlawful arrest (10.24; P = 0.005); Torture (30.88; P = 0.005); Shooting (10.03; P = 0.005) 33 34 χ2: Falanga (83.61; P = 0.005). χ2: Political (10.97; P = 0.005). 22