Table 18 further illustrates that Zimbabweans report experiencing substantially less violence in 2012
than they have in the 2009 and 2010 FH surveys. A total of 50% agree (or strongly agree) that there is
higher freedom in 2012 to express their political views. A smaller proportion reckons that just a threat is
sufficient to bring back fear. Yet, other violence‐and‐intimidation characteristics remain in full force.
There is consistency in the level of belief that violence and intimidation surface when Zimbabwe comes
to important political decisions to be made, and that violence and intimidation impact electoral choice.
In a further elaboration of who in terms of party association continue to fear most for political reasons,
the party split in the responses to items in Table 18 show that:
A total of 49% of MDC‐Ts and 43% of those that keep their intended vote a secret (compared
with 22% of ZANU‐PFers) disagree or disagree strongly that ‘violence and intimidation were bad
in the past but nowadays we feel free to express our political views’.
Similarly, 85% of MDC‐Ts and 76% of ‘Secreters’ agree or agree strongly that violence and
intimidation surface in Zimbabwe each time that the country approaches important political
decisions (compared with 55% of the ZANU‐PFers).
Stronger differentiation between MDC‐Ts and ‘Secreters’ set in when they are asked about
violence and intimidation making people vote for parties or candidates ‘other than those they
prefer’. A total of 81% of MDC‐Ts agree or agree strongly, while 69% of ‘Secreters’ and 52% of
ZANU‐PFers do. Differentiation is most evident when it comes to opinion on youth militia and
war veterans (associated with ZANU‐PF) and the statement that they ‘look after the good
interests of the people of Zimbabwe’. Here 83% of MDC‐Ts disagreed or disagreed strongly. The
corresponding percentages for ZANU‐PFers are 26% and for ‘Secreters’ a mid‐way 50%.
Furthermore and similarly for all three party categories, 58% of MDC‐Ts, 56% of ‘Secreters’ and
56% of ‘Secreters’ all recognise that just a threat nowadays is indeed enough to bring fear back
to life again.
Recollections of experiences of political violence will vary over time, especially if a longer period of
recollection time is at stake. This is evident in Table 19. The broad trends remain indefatigable and
valuable, especially when the personal experiences of the previous rounds of assessment are compared
with the 2012 survey results. This presents a wall of evidence of the range and levels of political violence
that have affected Zimbabweans.
Despite the prevailing optimism 73% of the 2012 respondents agreed with the statement that ‘each
time Zimbabwe comes to important decisions to be made, violence and intimidation surface’ (Q47D). In
addition, 65% agreed or strongly agreed that ‘fear of violence and intimidation makes people vote for
parties or candidates other than the ones they prefer’. Only 19% disagreed or disagreed strongly.
Zimbabweans have no illusions as to the reasons for political violence. In an open‐ended question (and a
series of inter‐related responses) in 2012, 48% identified political clashes / party political conflict as the
primary reason; 18% noted intolerance of political differences as the main reason, along with 11% that
identified greed for political power and 8% the parties’ misuse of supporters as the main reason.
38
Select target paragraph3
Add to table of contents