C.
Case Study Two:
Informal settlements of Killarney and Ngozi Mine
1.
2005 and 2006
During the demolitions of 2005, Bulawayo’s two informal settlements in the peri urban areas
were razed to the ground, displacing an estimated 1,500 of the city’s poorest citizens. Many
had lived in these settlements for decades, or even generations, and many were descended
from parents born in neighbouring states, meaning that they did not have a rural home in
Zimbabwe. The displaced were initially taken in by some of the churches in Bulawayo, from
where they were abducted by the state in the middle of the night. They were dumped first on
a farm north of the city, and from there were forcibly placed in various rural business centres
around Matabeleland South and North.68
In 2006, we established that around 75% of residents had returned to their original informal
settlements, with only around 19% having remained in the rural areas where they had been
forcibly dumped, and 5% being untraceable.
2.
Follow up in 2010 – further evictions
Tragically, Killarney residents are once more in the midst of eviction – this time by MacDonald
Bricks, who owns the land people are squatting on. The residents that we interviewed near
Cement Siding on the Harare road, are all living on what is legally MacDonald Bricks property,
and all have been served with eviction notices. They have been personally visited since March
2010 on more than one occasion and told to move off the land, and MacDonald Bricks recently
won a court case brought against them by the Killarney pastor, meaning that eviction is now
underway.
Families are already in the process of packing up and moving their entire settlement further
away, off MacDonald Bricks land but still within Killarney. This is going to result in further
losses and stresses, as material used to build their current shacks may not be entirely
transferable. In any case, more labour must now be expended, and there may be no greater
security of tenure where they build in the future. It is not surprising that 68% of respondents
here mentioned secure shelter as a most urgent need.
Considering the current evictions, and also our finding that there has been a belated move
back to rural areas from Bulawayo’s high‐density suburbs between 2006 and 2010, we were
curious to see whether this trend was repeated in the informal settlements. However, this is
not the case, with Killarney and Ngozi Mine having had fairly constant or growing populations
since 2006. Those being evicted in July 2010 are simply moving 300m and rebuilding. This
can be attributed to the fact that many families in these informal settlements simply do not
have any rural roots or other living options in Zimbabwe, either because they are descendants
of foreign nationals (48%) and/or because they are female headed households with no clear
property rights in rural areas (37%). Furthermore, people living in informal settlements are
not generally paying rates, water and electricity bills, which has been a factor in driving out
people in the formal suburbs. Several Killarney interviewees remarked that they live in
Killarney because there are no rent and service overheads.
68 SPT, Crime of Poverty, October 2005, for full details.
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