Contents
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B.
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B.
PART ONE:
INTRODUCTION and OVERVIEW
Main outcomes 2005
1.
2005: immediate losses of dwellings and livelihoods
2.
2010: impact of OM
3.
In this report
Main Findings 2010
1.
Urban housing
2.
Informal settlements, Bulawayo
3.
Informal trading sector
4.
De Doorns and the “diaspora” displaced
5.
A nation on the move – still
Recommendations
1.
Urban housing
2.
Informal settlements, Bulawayo
3.
Informal trading sector
PART TWO:
MURAMBATSVINA: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES IN A BROADER CONTEXT
The Displacements
1.
History of displacements in Zimbabwe
2.
Sovereignty, citizenship and denial of citizenship
3.
Retribution for political ‘disloyalty’
4.
Urban residents as the ‘unworthy’
5.
Rural‐urban links: what is their prevalence and relevance?
Informal sector and OM
1.
Fear of an uprising: threat of increased organisation of the informal sector
2.
Criminalising of the informal sector: destroying the parallel market
3.
The growth of the informal economy: 1990s to 2005
4.
The informal economy: 2005 – 2010
5.
Politics and patronage
6.
Kukiyakiya
Operation “live well” – and internationally sponsored housing schemes
1.
A grand re‐housing scheme: Operation Garikai/Hlalani Kuhle – live well
2.
IOM and UN housing – some progress but not enough
3.
Demolitions continue – under MDC T city council
4.
Conclusion
PART THREE:
CASE STUDIES
Overview
1.
2010: families and sites revisited five years on
Case Study One: survey of high density suburb in Bulawayo
I
2006: Main findings
II
2010: Main findings
1.
Decongestion of urban stands
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