Social Capital: Member of religious group; Member of voluntary
association or community group; Attend a community meeting; Join others
to raise an issue;
Political Fear: How much fear political intimidation or violence; How often
careful what you say; How often careful which organisations joined; How
often careful how vote; Feared violence at political event; Feared violence
during public protest;
Political Trust: How much do you trust the following: president,
parliament/national assembly, national electoral commission, elected local
government council, ruling party, opposition political parties, police, army,
courts of law, traditional leaders, and religious leaders;
Political Affiliation: Are you close to a political party (Which party)? Vote
for which party?8
Since the main objective was to test the political affiliation of the non-formal churches
(Apostolic and Evangelical), for the purposes of the analysis we combined all religions other
than Evangelical or Apostolic together. This gave the following initial breakdown:
Evangelical/Pentecostal (20%), Apostolic (12.2%), Other Churches (56.3%) and None
(11.4%). We then combined all the other groups together, and when the data was cleaned
gave a split of Apostolics (18%) and the remainder, Other Churches (82%).
There were a number of working hypotheses that we wished to test, some deriving from
previous research on active citizenship and social capital.
8
Members of Apostolic churches will express stronger support for ZANUPF than other political parties;
Members of Apostolic churches will be predominantly rural, and hence
show higher frequencies of social capital and political trust, and less
political fear (RAU. 2018.(a); RAU. 2018 (b)).
Close to a political party: Scored as ZANU-PF, MDC-T, Other party, Reticent (Don’t know, Inapplicable &
Refused to answer); Vote for which party: Scores as ZANU-PF, MDC-T, Other party, Reticent (Don’t know,
wouldn’t vote, refused to answer).
4